January 22

Philip Carteret was an 18th-century English naval officer and explorer who served under Captain Samuel Wallis and George Anson. In 1766, he commanded HMS Swallow on a voyage of circumnavigation, discovering and mapping several Pacific islands including Pitcairn Island and parts of New Caledonia. His precise charts and detailed journals provided valuable information for future navigators. Despite challenging conditions, Carteret recorded numerous observations of island cultures and natural history. His work contributed to Britain’s naval expansion and the scientific knowledge of the Pacific region.

Noah Phelps was an American military officer who participated in the early battles of the Revolutionary War, volunteering in the Siege of Boston. After the war, he pursued a legal career, becoming a prominent lawyer and serving as a judge in Vermont’s state courts. He played a key role in the establishment of local government and helped draft judicial procedures. Phelps was known for his commitment to civic duty and the rule of law during the formation of the United States. His contributions bridged military service and the development of America’s early legal institutions.

José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952) rose through the ranks of the Portuguese Army to colonel. He entered politics and became Prime Minister of Portugal in a turbulent post-World War I era. His government implemented financial reforms and attempted to stabilize the young Republic. A monarchist sympathizer, he later distanced himself amid political upheaval and military coups. De Freitas contributed to military education and wrote on defense policy. His tenure reflected the challenges of governance during Portugal's First Republic.

Bruce Shand was born in 1917 in the United Kingdom and educated at Eton College. He served with distinction in the British Army during World War II, notably in North Africa and Italy. Shand was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his leadership under fire. After the war, he worked briefly in the wine trade but later focused on family life. He married Rosalind Cubitt and became the father of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall. Shand was known for his quiet dedication and sense of duty. He died in 2006, remembered as a decorated soldier and devoted family man.

Born in 1937 to Nicaraguan parents, Edén Pastora became a prominent guerrilla leader known as "Commander Zero." He led the dramatic 1978 assault on the Somoza National Palace, which galvanized international support for the Sandinista cause. After the revolution, Pastora broke with the Sandinista government and founded the Democratic Revolutionary Alliance. He served in various governmental roles and remained an influential political figure. His tactical daring and charisma left a complex legacy as both revolutionary hero and dissident. Pastora's activities spanned armed struggle and political negotiation. He continued to shape Nicaraguan history until his death in 2020. Pastora is remembered for his bold leadership and controversial stance.

Born in 1939, Jørgen Garde began his career in the Royal Danish Navy, advancing through various command roles. He specialized in maritime strategy and led joint exercises with NATO allies. Garde was appointed Chief of Defence of Denmark, the country's highest military position. Under his leadership, the Danish military modernized its naval capabilities and strengthened international cooperation. He championed multinational training programs and strategic partnerships during the Cold War. Tragically, Garde died in a helicopter accident in 1996 while on official duty. He is remembered for his strategic vision, dedication to service, and contributions to Denmark's defense posture.