January 25
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Betico Day(Aruba)
A public holiday in Aruba celebrating the birthday of Betico Croes, the leader of the island’s movement for autonomy.
Burns Night(Scotland)
An annual celebration in Scotland honoring the poet Robert Burns with traditional feasts, poetry recitals, and Scottish music.
Christianfeast day:
Dydd Santes Dwynwen(Wales), Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul(Eastern Orthodox,Oriental Orthodox,Roman Catholic,AnglicanandLutheranchurches, which concludes theWeek of Prayer for Christian Unity), Gregory the Theologian(Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church), The last day of theWeek of Prayer for Christian Unity(Christian ecumenism), January 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A collection of Christian feast days on January 25, observed by various denominations to honor saints and conclude the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
National Nutrition Day(Indonesia)
An Indonesian observance promoting awareness of balanced nutrition and healthy eating habits.
National Police Day (Egypt)
A national holiday in Egypt commemorating the sacrifices and service of the police force since the 1952 revolution.
National Voters' Day(India)
An Indian observance dedicated to encouraging young voters and promoting electoral participation.
Revolution Day 2011(Egypt)
An annual remembrance of the January 25, 2011 revolution that sparked significant political change in Egypt.
Tatiana Dayor Russian Students Day (Russia,Eastern Orthodox)
A Russian holiday honoring Saint Tatiana and celebrated as Students' Day with parties and academic gatherings.
Dydd Santes Dwynwen(Wales)
Wales’s patronal day for lovers, often called the Welsh Valentine’s Day, celebrated with cards and romantic gifts.
Events
After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
Roman Senate accepts Claudius as emperor after overnight negotiations, confirming his rule following Caligula's assassination.
In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty.
Abbasid forces crush the Umayyad Caliphate at the Battle of the Zab, paving the way for a new dynasty in the Islamic world.
Fourteen-year-old Edward III ascends the throne of England after his father the king is forced to abdicate by Queen Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer.
Fourteen-year-old Edward III is crowned King of England after his father Edward II is forced to abdicate by Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer.
A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.
A powerful earthquake strikes Friuli in northeastern Italy, causing extensive damage as far south as Rome.
The Treaty of Constantinople ends the 16-year-long First Ottoman–Venetian War.
The Treaty of Constantinople ends the First Ottoman–Venetian War, reshaping control in the eastern Mediterranean.
Alfonso II becomes King of Naples.
Alfonso II, known as the Magnanimous, ascends to the Neapolitan throne, inheriting a realm at the heart of Italian Renaissance politics.
Coronation of Francis I of France takes place at Reims Cathedral, where the new monarch is anointed with the oil of Clovis and girt with the sword of Charlemagne.
Francis I is crowned King of France at Reims Cathedral, symbolically linking his reign to Clovis and Charlemagne.
Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn.
Henry VIII secretly marries Anne Boleyn, a decision that accelerates England's break with the Catholic Church.
São Paulo, Brazil, is founded by Jesuit priests.
Jesuit priests establish a mission that evolves into São Paulo, which will become the most populous city in Brazil.
Births
Leo IV the Khazar
Byzantine Emperor from 775 to 780 who led successful campaigns against the Umayyad Caliphate and upheld the empire’s iconoclastic policies.
Katharina of Hanau
German noblewoman who served as regent of the County of Hanau, guiding its affairs during her sons’ minority.
Paul Hofhaimer
Renowned Austrian organist and composer of the Renaissance, celebrated for his virtuosity and improvisational skills.
Duchess of Brittany and twice Queen consort of France who maintained Breton autonomy through her marriages to Charles VIII and Louis XII.
Giovanni Morone
Italian cardinal and diplomat who played a key role at the Council of Trent and in papal diplomacy.
Adolf
Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from 1544 to 1586 who strengthened his duchy’s position within the Holy Roman Empire.
Govert Flinck
Dutch Golden Age painter and prominent pupil of Rembrandt, known for his portraits and large-scale history scenes.
Robert Boyle
Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, and physicist, famed for Boyle’s law and contributions to the scientific method.
Gaspar Fagel
Dutch statesman who served as Grand Pensionary of Holland and shaped foreign policy during the reign of William of Orange.
Deaths
Gregory Nazianzus
4th-century Christian theologian and Patriarch of Constantinople, one of the Cappadocian Fathers who defended Nicene orthodoxy.
Gaiseric
5th-century King of the Vandals who founded the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa and famously sacked Rome in 455.
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid
8th-century Umayyad caliph whose short reign was marred by internal revolt during the decline of his dynasty.
9th-century Pope who strengthened papal influence and promoted missionary work in northern Europe.
Charles of Provence
9th-century Frankish king who ruled Provence as part of the Carolingian partition after the death of his father.
Ma Xiguang
10th-century ruler of the state of Chu during China’s Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, known for internal strife and brief reign.
Lothair I
10th-century Margrave of the Nordmark, a frontier lord of the Holy Roman Empire.
11th-century Emperor of the Song dynasty who maintained his predecessor’s reforms and upheld Confucian governance.
12th-century antipope whose contested claim challenged the papacy during a major ecclesiastical schism.