98day.year
Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor.
In 98 AD, Trajan succeeded Nerva as Roman emperor, ushering in an era of stability and growth.
Upon the death of Emperor Nerva on January 27, 98, Trajan ascended to the throne as his adoptive son and heir.
His accession marked the beginning of Rome's 'Golden Age' under the so-called Five Good Emperors.
Born in Italica in the province of Hispania, Trajan was noted for his military prowess and administrative skill.
He later led successful campaigns in Dacia, significantly expanding the empire’s borders and wealth.
Trajan commissioned ambitious building projects in Rome, including Trajan's Forum and the famed Trajan's Column.
He also introduced social welfare programs, such as the alimenta scheme to support poor children.
His reign is often regarded as the pinnacle of Roman peace and prosperity.
98
Trajan
Nerva
Roman emperor
945day.year
The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
In 945, Constantine VII deposed his co-emperors Stephen and Constantine, compelling them into monastic exile and becoming sole ruler of Byzantium.
Following the death of Emperor Romanos I, his sons Stephen and Constantine briefly shared power with Constantine VII.
On January 27, 945, Constantine VII orchestrated a coup, forcing his co-rulers into monasteries.
This bold move ended a period of divided authority and restored centralized rule under Constantine VII.
His sole reign ushered in the Macedonian Renaissance, a revival of art, literature, and learning.
Despite initial doubts about his legitimacy, Constantine’s administrative reforms strengthened the Byzantine state.
He patronized scholars and chroniclers, ensuring the preservation of classical Greek texts and history.
945
Stephen
Constantine
Constantine VII
Byzantine Empire
1186day.year
Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.
In 1186, Henry VI married Constance of Sicily, forging a dynastic alliance that extended Hohenstaufen influence into southern Italy.
On January 27, 1186, Henry VI wed Constance of Sicily, the heiress of King William II, in a union of imperial ambition and royal inheritance.
Constance’s vast Mediterranean realm bolstered the power of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and challenged papal interests.
As son of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, Henry’s claim to Sicily was backed by formidable imperial authority.
The marriage sparked tensions with the papacy, which feared encirclement by Hohenstaufen territories.
After William II’s death in 1189, Henry asserted his right to the Sicilian crown through his wife’s lineage.
This pivotal alliance reshaped the balance of power in Italy and laid groundwork for future Hohenstaufen rule.
1186
Henry VI
Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick I
Constance of Sicily
1302day.year
Dante Alighieri is condemned in absentia and exiled from Florence.
In 1302, the poet Dante Alighieri was condemned in absentia by Florence and forced into permanent exile.
On January 27, 1302, Dante Alighieri was formally charged with corruption and barratry by the victorious Black Guelph faction in Florence.
Unable to appear in court or pay fines, Dante faced a sentence of perpetual exile and loss of his property.
His banishment sent him wandering through Italian courts, where he composed major works of poetry and philosophy.
Dante’s exile deeply influenced his masterpiece, the Divine Comedy, blending political critique with spiritual allegory.
He became a symbol of the artist’s conflict with civic authority and the enduring power of literary expression.
Dante never returned to Florence, but his legacy remains inseparable from the city’s turbulent politics.
1302
Dante Alighieri
Florence
1343day.year
Pope Clement VI issues the papal bull Unigenitus, laying out the scriptural justification for indulgences, identifying only the Pope and episcopate as capable of accessing the treasury of merit, and establishing a jubilee year every half century.
In 1343, Pope Clement VI promulgated Unigenitus, defining the doctrine of indulgences and inaugurating a jubilee every fifty years.
On January 27, 1343, Clement VI issued Unigenitus to provide a theological foundation for the sale and distribution of indulgences.
The bull asserted that only the Pope and the episcopate could dispense the merits stored in Christ’s 'treasury of merit.'
It sanctioned the practice of indulgences, shaping medieval penitential and financial systems within the Church.
Unigenitus also established a half-century jubilee, encouraging pilgrimages and acts of piety.
The decree influenced the economic and spiritual life of Late Medieval Christendom and sparked later debates during the Reformation.
Its provisions underscored the central authority of the papacy over matters of grace and remission.
1343
Pope Clement VI
papal bull
Unigenitus
indulgences
treasury of merit
jubilee year
1606day.year
Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.
On January 27, 1606, Guy Fawkes and his fellow Gunpowder Plot conspirators were tried for high treason in London.
After his capture at the vault beneath the Houses of Parliament, Guy Fawkes stood before the court at Westminster Hall on January 27, 1606.
He and his co-conspirators faced charges of plotting to assassinate King James I and blow up Parliament.
Despite pleas for clemency, the jury quickly returned guilty verdicts, sealing their fate.
On January 31, Fawkes and five others were executed, fueling anti-Catholic sentiment across England.
The trial’s drama and intrigue gave rise to the annual commemoration of Guy Fawkes Night on November 5.
Their story endures as a powerful example of early modern political and religious conflict.
1606
Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes
1695day.year
Mustafa II becomes the Ottoman sultan and Caliph of Islam in Istanbul on the death of Ahmed II. Mustafa rules until his abdication in 1703.
On January 27, 1695, Mustafa II ascended to the Ottoman throne and became Caliph after Sultan Ahmed II’s death.
Following the passing of Sultan Ahmed II, Mustafa II was proclaimed Sultan and Caliph in Istanbul on January 27, 1695.
He inherited an empire embroiled in the Great Turkish War against the Habsburgs and their allies.
Known for his personal piety and military zeal, Mustafa II led campaigns to defend Ottoman frontiers.
His rule saw efforts at administrative and financial reform amid the pressures of prolonged warfare.
Internal discontent over war fatigue and taxation peaked in the 1703 Edirne uprising, forcing his abdication.
Mustafa II’s reign highlights the challenges faced by the Ottoman state at the dawn of the 18th century.
1695
Mustafa II
Ottoman sultan
Caliph of Islam
Istanbul
Ahmed II
1703
1825day.year
The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".
The U.S. Congress establishes Indian Territory, paving the way for the forced removal of Eastern tribes along the tragic Trail of Tears.
In 1825, the United States Congress approved legislation creating Indian Territory in lands that would become Oklahoma. This act authorized the federal government to relocate Eastern tribes, including the Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole, to the new territory. The policy led to the infamous Trail of Tears, a series of forced migrations marked by hardship, disease, and high mortality. Thousands of Native Americans endured brutal conditions during their journey westward, suffering immense loss of life and culture. The establishment of Indian Territory represents a dark chapter in American history and continues to resonate in discussions of indigenous rights and federal policy.
1825
U.S. Congress
Indian Territory
Oklahoma
Eastern Indians
Trail of Tears
1916day.year
World War I: The British government passes the Military Service Act that introduces conscription in the United Kingdom.
Britain introduces conscription with the Military Service Act of 1916, reshaping society and war efforts in World War I.
On January 27, 1916, the British Parliament passed the Military Service Act, marking the first time conscription was imposed in the United Kingdom. Facing manpower shortages on the Western Front, the government made military service compulsory for single men aged 18 to 41. The legislation sparked intense debate over individual rights and national duty. Women, married men, and certain occupations were initially exempt, but rules expanded as the war intensified. Conscription fundamentally changed British society and military recruitment, influencing future conflicts and social policy.
1916
World War I
Military Service Act
conscription in the United Kingdom
1924day.year
Six days after his death Lenin's body is carried into a specially erected mausoleum.
Vladimir Lenin's body is placed in a specially erected mausoleum on Red Square, becoming an enduring symbol of Soviet leadership.
On January 27, 1924, six days after his death, Vladimir Lenin's embalmed body was interred in a newly constructed mausoleum on Moscow's Red Square. Designed by architect Alexey Shchusev, the structure showcased Soviet monumental style and became a focal point for communist ceremonies. Lenin's preserved remains were publicly displayed, reinforcing his legacy and cult of personality. The mausoleum attracted millions of visitors seeking to pay homage to the revolutionary leader. It remains a controversial and iconic landmark reflecting the early Soviet era's political mythology.
1924
death
specially erected mausoleum
1927day.year
Ibn Saud takes the title of King of Nejd.
Ibn Saud proclaims himself King of Nejd, laying groundwork for the future Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
On January 27, 1927, Abdulaziz Ibn Saud assumed the title of King of Nejd, consolidating his rule over central Arabia. This declaration followed years of tribal campaigns and diplomatic maneuvering. As King, Ibn Saud established administrative reforms, strengthened alliances, and expanded his domain. The title reinforced his legitimacy and set the stage for the unification of Nejd and Hejaz. By 1932, he would found the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, reshaping the region's political landscape.
1927
Ibn Saud
King of Nejd
1965day.year
South Vietnamese Prime Minister Trần Văn Hương is removed by the military junta of Nguyễn Khánh.
In 1965, Prime Minister Trần Văn Hương of South Vietnam was ousted by General Nguyễn Khánh's military junta.
On January 27, 1965, the military junta led by General Nguyễn Khánh deposed Prime Minister Trần Văn Hương in South Vietnam.
The takeover came amid political instability and power struggles during the escalating Vietnam War.
Khánh's regime sought to consolidate control and align more closely with US military objectives.
The ouster reflected the tumultuous nature of South Vietnamese politics under constant pressure from both communists and foreign allies.
It also highlighted the challenges faced by civilian leaders in maintaining authority over military factions.
The event foreshadowed further coups and counter-coups in the years leading up to Saigon's fall.
1965
Trần Văn Hương
Nguyễn Khánh