March 01

William Dean Howells was a central figure in American literary realism during the late 19th century. His novels, including The Rise of Silas Lapham, explored social issues and middle-class life with psychological depth and moral insight. Howells also worked as a playwright and served as editor of The Atlantic Monthly, where he championed emerging writers such as Mark Twain and Henry James. As a critic, he advocated for literature that reflected everyday experience rather than romantic idealism. His long career influenced generations of American authors and contributed to the development of a distinct national literature.

Lytton Strachey was born in London in 1880 and became a central figure in the Bloomsbury Group of writers and intellectuals. His groundbreaking book 'Eminent Victorians' (1918) revolutionized biographical writing with its irreverent and psychological approach. Strachey challenged Victorian ideals through wit, satire, and concise prose, influencing future generations of biographers. His essays and letters displayed a deep understanding of human character and sexuality. A critic of imperialism and traditional morals, he remained outspoken on social issues. Strachey’s legacy endures as a pioneer of modern literary criticism and biography.

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa was born in Tokyo in 1892 and emerged as a leading figure in modern Japanese literature. His mastery of concise prose and psychological insight earned him acclaim with stories like 'Rashomon' and 'In a Grove', later adapted by Akira Kurosawa into influential films. Akutagawa’s writings often explore moral ambiguity, human nature, and existential questions. He taught at various institutions and mentored younger writers before his untimely death in 1927 at the age of 35. His legacy endures through the prestigious Akutagawa Prize, established in his honor to recognize emerging literary talent. Akutagawa’s contributions continue to shape Japanese narrative art.

Mercedes de Acosta was born in New York City in 1893 and became a notable figure in early 20th-century literary and social circles. She wrote plays, poems, and essays that challenged conventional norms and celebrated LGBTQ identities. De Acosta maintained friendships and romantic relationships with prominent personalities such as Greta Garbo, Isadora Duncan, and Eva Le Gallienne. Her 1960 memoir 'Here Lies the Heart' candidly recounted her experiences and connections in the arts world. An advocate for artistic freedom, she hosted salons that brought together writers, actors, and musicians. De Acosta’s life and work offer a vivid portrait of creativity, passion, and rebellion against societal expectations.

Born in 1896, Moriz Seeler became a significant voice in Germany’s avant-garde theatre during the 1920s. His plays combined sharp social commentary with experimental staging that challenged traditional forms. Transitioning to film production, he collaborated with emerging directors and helped finance early cinematic projects. Seeler’s work reflected the dynamism and turmoil of the Weimar Republic, capturing urban life with wit and depth. His career was tragically cut short in 1942 under the Nazi regime, but his influence on German arts continues to be recognized.

Born in 1900 in England, Basil Bunting embraced modernist aesthetics after encountering Ezra Pound’s work. He traveled extensively, including service as an English teacher in Persia, which influenced his poetic voice. Bunting’s breakthrough came with the publication of his long poem 'Briggflatts' in 1966, acclaimed for its sonic richness and emotional depth. His work blends traditional forms with experimental rhythms, earning him a place among the principal voices of 20th-century poetry. Bunting continued writing and performing readings until his death in 1985, leaving a profound legacy in modern literature.

Ralph Ellison (1914–1994) was an American novelist, literary critic, and scholar. His novel 'Invisible Man,' published in 1952, won the National Book Award and is acclaimed for its powerful exploration of race and identity. Ellison's work blended jazz influences with rich symbolism, redefining African American literature. He taught at numerous universities and wrote essays on culture, politics, and art. His legacy endures through his writings and contributions to American letters.

Robert Lowell (1917–1977) was a leading American poet of the mid-20th century. A pioneer of confessional poetry, his 1959 collection 'Life Studies' marked a shift toward personal and autobiographical themes. Lowell won the Pulitzer Prize twice, for 'Lord Weary's Castle' (1947) and 'The Dolphin' (1974). He served as Poet Laureate of the United States in 1947 and taught at various universities. His candid exploration of mental health, family, and faith influenced generations of poets.

Born in New York City, Nemerov served as a professor at institutions including Wellesley College and Washington University in St. Louis. His poetry is known for its formal precision, wit, and exploration of existential themes. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1978 for "The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov" and the National Book Award in 1982. Nemerov twice served as U.S. Poet Laureate between 1988 and 1990. His work bridged traditional forms and contemporary subject matter, influencing generations of American poets.

Born in New York City, Wilbur published his first poetry collection in 1947 and quickly gained acclaim for his elegant craftsmanship. His collection "Things of This World" earned him the Pulitzer Prize in 1957. In addition to his poetry, Wilbur was celebrated for his translations of Molière and Racine. He served as Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (Poet Laureate) in 1987–88. Wilbur’s work is characterized by its formal clarity, wit, and deep appreciation for everyday experiences.

Born in Rochester, New York, Drake became a prominent comic book writer in the 1950s and 1960s. He co-created landmark characters such as the Doom Patrol and Deadman for DC Comics. His innovative storytelling expanded the possibilities of the superhero genre. Drake also wrote for television and film, including scripts for animated series and live-action shows. His work continues to influence comic book writers and fans around the world.

Georgi Markov was a Bulgarian writer and journalist who became a vocal critic of his country's communist government. Broadcasting for the BBC and Radio Free Europe, his sharp commentary earned him international recognition. In 1978, Markov was fatally poisoned in London via a ricin-coated umbrella tip in a case that remains emblematic of Cold War espionage. His novels and plays continue to be celebrated for their wit and courage in confronting oppression.