March 18

On March 18, 1938, President Lázaro Cárdenas expropriated all foreign oil assets, transferring control to the state-owned company Pemex. This landmark move asserted Mexico's economic sovereignty and became a source of national pride. Each year, ceremonies are held at government institutions and oil facilities to remember the decision's impact. Historians and economists reflect on the policy's long-term effects on Mexico's development and energy sector. The day fosters discussions about resource management, national identity, and the balance between foreign investment and domestic control.

March 18 brings together multiple saints in the Christian liturgical calendar. Saints Alexander and Cyril of Jerusalem are celebrated for their theological contributions in the early centuries of the Church. Anselm of Lucca is honored for his reform efforts in the 11th century, while Edward the Martyr is remembered for his bravery and piety. Fridianus and Salvator are venerated for their monastic leadership and missionary work. Eastern Orthodox congregations mark the day with special hymns and liturgies, and Western churches may observe it with prayers and readings that reflect on the saints' lives and virtues.

Established in 1976, Aruba's Flag Day commemorates the first hoisting of its distinct red, white, blue, and yellow flag. State ceremonies feature the governor and community leaders raising the flag in central plazas. Schools and organizations host cultural performances, including traditional dances and music that reflect Aruban heritage. Citizens proudly display the flag on homes and vehicles, expressing national unity. The day also includes educational activities that teach the symbolism of the flag's colors and design.

Observed on March 18, Çanakkale Şehitleri Anma Günü commemorates the naval battles of the Gallipoli campaign during World War I. Ceremonies at the Martyrs' Memorial in Gallipoli and across Turkey involve wreath-laying, moments of silence, and official speeches. Veterans, government officials, and citizens unite to remember the bravery of Ottoman troops who defended the Dardanelles. Schools and cultural institutions stage exhibitions and educational programs that explore the campaign's historical significance. The day reinforces national identity and honors the legacy of courage and resilience in the face of adversity.

Established in 2009, Men's and Soldiers' Day recognizes the role of men and military personnel in Mongolian society. The day features parades and exhibitions displaying military uniforms, equipment, and traditional weaponry. Community events, including feasts and concerts, bring families together to celebrate fathers, brothers, and soldiers. Educational programs in schools highlight the history of Mongolia's defenders and promote values of loyalty and service. The observance emphasizes both the protective role of the armed forces and the cultural importance of men's contributions to family and nation.

The origins of India's ordnance factories date back to March 18, 1802, when the first government-run gunpowder mill was established. Ordnance factories across the nation open their doors to the public with exhibitions of artillery, small arms, and ammunition. Technical seminars and career fairs are held to inspire the next generation of engineers and technicians in defense research. Ceremonies honor the workforce responsible for producing critical military equipment and supporting national security. The day highlights India's journey toward self-reliance in defense production and the technological innovations achieved over two centuries.

Sheelah's Day derives from Irish folklore and is said to honor the wife or mother of Saint Patrick, though stories vary. Traditional gatherings include ceilidhs with live folk music, step dancing, and storytelling. Pubs and community centers in Ireland, Canada, and Australia hold special events celebrating Irish heritage and community spirit. Participants share traditional foods like boxty and soda bread while enjoying cultural exhibitions. Though unofficial, Sheelah's Day extends the festive atmosphere of St. Patrick's Day and reinforces connections within the Irish diaspora.

Established by presidential decree, Teacher's Day recognizes the dedication and achievements of Syria's teaching professionals. Schools host special assemblies where students present flowers, cards, and performances to honor their teachers. The Ministry of Education awards certificates and honors outstanding educators for innovation and community service. Workshops and seminars on modern pedagogical methods are organized to strengthen teaching skills. The celebration highlights the importance of education and fosters respect for the teaching profession across the country.

Saint Alexander of Jerusalem served as bishop in the early 3rd century and was renowned for defending the beliefs of the early Church during periods of persecution. He attended important councils and wrote letters that addressed theological disputes of his time. Christians commemorate his life and martyrdom on March 18 with liturgical services, readings, and hymns. Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and some Eastern Catholic churches include him in the calendar of saints. The feast offers an opportunity for reflection on steadfast faith and leadership in the face of adversity.

Saint Anselm of Lucca, also known as Anselm I, was a bishop celebrated for his role in the Gregorian Reform and his defense of church autonomy in the 11th century. He founded hospitals, promoted clerical education, and stood against secular interference in ecclesiastical matters. His assassination in 1086 by political rivals cemented his reputation as a martyr for church reform. On March 18, churches commemorate him with special liturgies, readings of his writings, and reflections on his contributions to church governance. Pilgrims often visit his tomb in Lucca, Italy, honoring his legacy of faith and service.

Cyril of Jerusalem served as Bishop of Jerusalem from 348 to 386. He is best known for the Catechetical Lectures delivered to catechumens preparing for baptism. He played a vital role in defining orthodox doctrine during the Arian controversy. His writings provide key insights into early Christian liturgy and theology. He was declared a Doctor of the Church, and his feast day is celebrated on March 18 in the Western Church. On this day, believers remember his contributions to faith formation and ecclesiastical tradition.

Edward ascended to the English throne at around age 12, in 975. His brief reign was marked by noble rivalries and political intrigue at court. He was murdered in 978 under mysterious circumstances, later revered as a martyr for his piety. Pilgrims journeyed to his shrine at Shaftesbury Abbey, where miracles were reported. He was canonized for his unjust death and enduring legacy of faith. His feast day on March 18 honors his sacrifice and spiritual devotion.