March 18

On March 18, 1938, President Lázaro Cárdenas expropriated all foreign oil assets, transferring control to the state-owned company Pemex. This landmark move asserted Mexico's economic sovereignty and became a source of national pride. Each year, ceremonies are held at government institutions and oil facilities to remember the decision's impact. Historians and economists reflect on the policy's long-term effects on Mexico's development and energy sector. The day fosters discussions about resource management, national identity, and the balance between foreign investment and domestic control.

Observed on March 18, Çanakkale Şehitleri Anma Günü commemorates the naval battles of the Gallipoli campaign during World War I. Ceremonies at the Martyrs' Memorial in Gallipoli and across Turkey involve wreath-laying, moments of silence, and official speeches. Veterans, government officials, and citizens unite to remember the bravery of Ottoman troops who defended the Dardanelles. Schools and cultural institutions stage exhibitions and educational programs that explore the campaign's historical significance. The day reinforces national identity and honors the legacy of courage and resilience in the face of adversity.