March 27

Edward Augustus Inglefield was a Royal Navy officer who led multiple expeditions to the Arctic in the mid-19th century. He improved ice navigation techniques and produced detailed maps of previously uncharted regions. Inglefield patented the 'Inglefield clip' for quick connection of naval flags, still in use today. Rising to the rank of admiral, he held important commands and contributed to hydrographic surveying worldwide. His exploration work advanced scientific knowledge of polar climates and geography.

Adolphus Greely (1844–1935) was a United States Army officer and pioneering Arctic explorer. In 1881, he commanded the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition to gather meteorological and geographical data in the high Arctic. The mission faced extreme conditions and supply failures, leaving only six of the original 25 men to survive. For his steadfast leadership and scientific contributions, Greely was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1935. He continued his military career, serving in the Spanish–American War and reaching the rank of brigadier general. Throughout his life, he published detailed reports and memoirs recounting his polar experiences.

William Libbey (1855–1927) was an American Army officer and scholar with diverse interests spanning geography, geology, archaeology, and exploration. He rose to the rank of colonel while contributing to scientific research at academic institutions. A dedicated mountaineer, Libbey explored various mountain ranges and documented their topography. He conducted archaeological surveys and geological studies, publishing his findings for both scientific and public audiences. An accomplished marksman, Libbey represented the United States in early international shooting competitions. His interdisciplinary career exemplified the spirit of exploration and inquiry during the turn of the 20th century.

Thomas Graham Brown (1882–1965) combined his passion for climbing with rigorous scientific research into muscle physiology. He was among the first to study the effects of altitude and fatigue on the human body in natural mountain environments. Brown participated in pioneering expeditions to the Alps and used his observations to advance the field of exercise physiology. As a professor, he published influential papers on muscle contraction and neuromuscular function. His interdisciplinary work laid the groundwork for modern sports science and high-altitude medicine.

Brian Jones gained recognition for pioneering high-altitude and long-distance balloon flights. His landmark achievement came in March 1999 when he and adventurer Bertrand Piccard completed the first non-stop circumnavigation of the Earth in the Breitling Orbiter 3. He continually pushed the limits of balloon technology to reach extreme altitudes and remote destinations. Jones also contributed to scientific research by piloting meteorological balloons for atmospheric measurement. His adventurous spirit inspired a new generation of aeronauts and ballooning enthusiasts.