March 27

Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) was a prominent philosopher and reformer in British India who advocated modern education and social progress within the Muslim community. He established the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, which became the basis for Aligarh Muslim University. His writings, including Asar-us-Sanadid and The Causes of the Indian Mutiny, blended historical scholarship with calls for religious and social reform. He challenged conservative traditions, promoting scientific learning and loyalty to the British crown as a means to advance Indian Muslims. His legacy endures in his institutions and his role in shaping modern South Asian thought.

William Stern (1871-1938) was a German-American psychologist and philosopher renowned for his foundational work in differential psychology. He coined the term 'intelligence quotient' (IQ) and developed methods for psychological assessment and testing. Stern's personalistic approach emphasized the individuality of human development and cognition. He authored influential texts such as 'Psychology of Early Childhood' and contributed to debates on child development and educational psychology. Fleeing Nazi Germany in 1933, Stern continued his research in the United States until his death. His theories shaped modern psychometrics and developmental psychology.