1549day.year
The city of Salvador, Bahia, the first capital of Brazil, is founded.
The city of Salvador, Bahia, is founded in 1549 as the first capital of colonial Brazil.
Established by Portuguese settlers in 1549, Salvador became Brazil’s first colonial capital.
Located on the Bay of All Saints, the city served as a key port for sugar and slave trade.
Its founding marked the beginning of European urban development in South America.
Salvador’s colonial architecture and vibrant culture reflect centuries of African, Indigenous, and European influences.
The city would remain capital until 1763, playing a central role in Brazil’s colonial economy.
Today, its historic Pelourinho district is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
1549
Salvador, Bahia
Brazil
1632day.year
Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629.
The 1632 Treaty of Saint-Germain returns Quebec to French control after English occupation.
Signed in 1632, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye restored Quebec from English to French rule.
England had seized Quebec in 1629 during conflicts over trade and colonial dominance.
Under the treaty, France regained its North American foothold and fur trading posts.
Samuel de Champlain soon returned to reestablish the settlement on the Saint Lawrence River.
The agreement shaped the future of New France and its relations with Indigenous nations.
Quebec would remain a crucial center of French colonial administration in the Americas.
1632
Treaty of Saint-Germain
Quebec
1629
1792day.year
King Gustav III of Sweden dies after being shot in the back at a midnight masquerade ball at Stockholm's Royal Opera 13 days earlier.
King Gustav III of Sweden dies in 1792 after being shot at a royal masquerade ball.
At a midnight masquerade at the Stockholm Royal Opera, King Gustav III was mortally wounded by an assassin’s shot.
The conspirators opposed his autocratic reforms and feared diminishing noble privileges.
Gustav endured thirteen days of suffering before succumbing to his injuries on March 29, 1792.
His death plunged Sweden into political uncertainty and power struggles among the elite.
Gustav III’s reign had modernized the country’s legal system and fostered cultural growth.
The dramatic assassination inspired ballets, operas, and artworks depicting the fateful court intrigue.
1792
Gustav III
masquerade ball
Stockholm
Royal Opera
1809day.year
King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates after a coup d'état.
King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates the throne in 1809 following a coup d'état.
Facing military defeat by Russia and widespread dissatisfaction, Gustav IV Adolf was deposed in March 1809.
A group of Swedish nobles staged a coup, accusing the king of disastrous leadership.
He formally abdicated the throne on March 29, ending the Gustavian dynasty’s rule.
The Riksdag of the Estates convened to draft a new constitution and reorganize royal authority.
Gustav’s exile paved the way for Charles XIII to assume the Swedish crown.
The events initiated significant constitutional reforms and modernized Sweden’s governance.
1809
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
abdicates
coup d'état
1809day.year
At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden.
At the 1809 Diet of Porvoo, Finland's Estates swear allegiance to Alexander I, marking Finland's secession from Sweden.
Invited by Tsar Alexander I, Finland’s four Estates swore loyalty to the Russian Emperor in Porvoo.
This historic event marked the transition of Finland from Swedish to Russian rule.
The Grand Duchy of Finland was granted autonomous status and its own legal system.
Finland retained local laws and Lutheran faith under Russian sovereignty.
The Diet of Porvoo laid the foundation for Finnish national identity and self-administration.
It signaled a new era of stability and development under the Romanov dynasty.
Diet of Porvoo
four Estates
Alexander I of Russia
Grand Duchy of Finland
Sweden
1849day.year
The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.
The United Kingdom formally annexes the Punjab in 1849 following the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
After defeating the Sikhs in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the British annexed the Punjab on March 29, 1849.
The Treaty of Lahore ceded the region to British control and reorganized its administration.
Punjab’s fertile lands and strategic location boosted the Empire’s hold over the Indian subcontinent.
Local governance was restructured under British political officers and martial law provisions.
The annexation expanded the Empire’s frontier and secured vital trade routes.
Punjab’s incorporation influenced local culture, law, and the future of British India.
1849
United Kingdom
Punjab
1867day.year
Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes Canada on July 1.
Queen Victoria granted Royal Assent to the British North America Act, paving the way for the creation of Canada.
On March 29, 1867, Queen Victoria signed the British North America Act into law, establishing the Dominion of Canada effective July 1. The Act united the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia under a federal system. It marked a significant step toward self-government within the British Empire. Canadian institutions and parliamentary structures were defined, balancing provincial and federal powers. This foundation would expand as other provinces joined Confederation. The event remains celebrated as the birth of modern Canada.
1867
Queen Victoria
Royal Assent
British North America Act
July 1
1936day.year
The 1936 German parliamentary election and referendum seeks approval for the recent remilitarization of the Rhineland.
Nazi Germany held a controlled referendum and parliamentary election to legitimize the remilitarization of the Rhineland.
On March 29, 1936, Adolf Hitler's regime organized a parliamentary election accompanied by a referendum seeking public endorsement of German rearmament in the Rhineland in violation of the Versailles Treaty. Ballots presented a single list dominated by the Nazi Party, and official results claimed over 99% approval. The vote served as political propaganda to demonstrate national unity and strengthen Hitler's foreign policy position. Few international observers contested the outcome, and the lack of decisive Allied response emboldened further German expansion. This orchestrated plebiscite helped consolidate Nazi control over domestic politics and accelerated the militarization of Europe. The event is viewed as a key moment leading to the outbreak of World War II.
1936
1936 German parliamentary election and referendum
1941day.year
The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement goes into effect at 03:00 local time.
The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement took effect, standardizing AM radio channels across the continent.
At 03:00 local time on March 29, 1941, the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) came into force, involving the United States, Canada, Mexico, and several Caribbean nations. The treaty realigned AM radio frequencies to minimize cross-border interference and designated clear, regional, and local channels. Broadcasters adjusted transmitters and expanded service areas, improving reception quality for millions of listeners. NARBA represented a landmark in international cooperation for communications infrastructure. It remained the governing framework for AM broadcasting until it was replaced in 1980. The agreement laid the foundation for modern radio standards and multinational frequency planning.
1941
North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement
1951day.year
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage for passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.
On March 29, 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted in a federal court in New York City of conspiracy to commit espionage.
The couple had been accused of passing classified atomic information to the Soviet Union during the early Cold War.
Their trial was one of the most controversial espionage cases in American history.
Prosecutors relied on testimony from Ethel's brother, David Greenglass, to link the Rosenbergs to secret documents.
They faced a climate of anti-communist sentiment fueled by McCarthyism and the Red Scare.
International observers questioned the fairness of their legal proceedings and the harshness of potential punishments.
The Rosenbergs were later sentenced to death, heightening debate over the case's legal and moral implications.
1951
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
espionage
1961day.year
The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, allowing residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.
The Twenty-third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, granting Washington, D.C., residents the right to vote in presidential elections.
On March 29, 1961, the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution was officially ratified.
This amendment provided citizens residing in Washington, D.C., a number of electors in the Electoral College.
Before this change, residents of the nation's capital lacked representation in presidential elections.
The ratification process reflected long-standing debates over voting rights and federal district governance.
Three electoral votes were allocated to D.C., equivalent to the least populous state.
The amendment represented a significant expansion of democratic participation in U.S. elections.
It set a precedent for addressing representation under the unique status of the federal district.
1961
Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution
Washington, D.C.
1962day.year
Arturo Frondizi, the president of Argentina, is overthrown in a military coup by Argentina's armed forces, ending an 11+1⁄2 day constitutional crisis.
President Arturo Frondizi of Argentina is deposed in a military coup, ending a brief constitutional crisis.
On March 29, 1962, the armed forces of Argentina carried out a coup d’état against President Arturo Frondizi.
Frondizi had been suspended amid tensions over his political alliances and economic policies.
His removal concluded an 11½-day constitutional crisis triggered by contested elections.
The military leadership cited national security and ideological concerns in seizing power.
General José María Guido was installed as interim president following Frondizi’s ousting.
The coup marked the start of a turbulent period of military influence in Argentine politics.
Civilian and international reactions were mixed, with some condemning the breach of democratic norms.
1962
Arturo Frondizi
Argentina
coup
armed forces