April 03

George of Trebizond was born in 1395 on the island of Crete and became a leading figure of Renaissance humanism. He moved to Florence and Rome, where he translated and commented on Aristotelian and Platonic texts, making Greek philosophical works accessible to Latin readers. A prolific author, he engaged in scholarly debates with contemporaries such as Nicholas of Cusa. His writings influenced the revival of classical learning across Italy and beyond. George's career was marked by both acclaim for his translations and controversy over his polemical style. He died in 1486, leaving a lasting impact on the intellectual life of the Renaissance.

Otto Weininger published his only major work, 'Geschlecht und Charakter' (Sex and Character), in 1903, examining gender, morality, and genius. His book sparked intense debate for its exploration of identity, genius, and problematic views on gender and ethnicity. Despite facing criticism, Weininger's ideas influenced early psychoanalytic and literary thinkers across Europe. He was regarded as a prodigious intellect, but personal struggles led to his tragic suicide at age 23. His complex legacy continues to be studied in philosophy, gender studies, and the history of psychology.

Ikki Kita graduated from Tokyo Imperial University and published his influential work 'Kokka Kaizō Hōan Daikō' (Outline Plan for National Reorganization) in 1906. He proposed radical reforms including state-led socialism, land redistribution, and strong central leadership to revive Japan. His blend of nationalism and social justice resonated with young military officers seeking direction in the early 20th century. Although Kita never held public office, his ideas inspired coup attempts and ultranationalist groups in the 1930s. He was arrested after the 1936 attempted coup and executed for treason in 1937. Kita's writings remain controversial but are studied for their impact on Japan's political history.

Born in Northern Ireland, Grayling is a leading advocate of secular humanism and liberal values. He has authored numerous books on philosophy, politics, and history, including 'The God Argument' and 'The History of Philosophy.' As the founding Master of New College of the Humanities in London, he has influenced modern higher education. Grayling frequently appears in media to discuss ethics, human rights, and contemporary political issues. His clear writing style has made complex philosophical ideas accessible to a broad audience.