April 09
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Dietrich Bonhoeffer(Anglicanism,Lutheranism), Gaucherius, Materiana, Waltrude, April 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Christian feast day commemorating theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer and saints Gaucherius, Materiana, and Waltrude.
Baghdad Liberation Day(Iraqi Kurdistan)
Baghdad Liberation Day marks the entrance of coalition forces into Baghdad in 2003, celebrated by Iraqi Kurdistan.
Constitution Day (Kosovo)
Constitution Day celebrates the promulgation of Kosovo’s constitution on April 9, 2008.
Day of National Unity (Georgia)
Day of National Unity commemorates Georgia’s declaration of independence in 1918 and celebrates national cohesion.
Day of the Finnish Language(Finland)
Day of the Finnish Language promotes Finland’s linguistic heritage and celebrates the Finnish language.
Day of ValororAraw ng Kagitingan(Philippines)
Day of Valor honors the heroism of Filipino and American soldiers in World War II’s Bataan campaign.
Feast of the Second Day of the Writing of the Book of the Law(Thelema)
Thelemic feast celebrating the second day of the writing of the Book of the Law in 1904.
Martyr's Day (Tunisia)
Martyr’s Day honors Tunisia’s national martyrs who sacrificed their lives for independence.
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day(United States)
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day pays tribute to U.S. service members who endured captivity.
Events
The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
In 193 AD, Septimius Severus was proclaimed emperor by his troops in Illyricum, marking a decisive moment in Roman history.
Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.
In 475 AD, Emperor Basiliscus issued the Enkyklikon to support Monophysite doctrine, challenging established Church teachings in the Byzantine Empire.
Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. Despite shortages, he starts raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges but is forced into a stalemate.
During the Gothic War, Belisarius received fresh Hunnic and Slavic cavalry reinforcements at the Siege of Rome in 537 AD, yet the stalemate with the Goths persisted.
Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.
In 1241, Mongol forces inflicted a crushing defeat on a Polish-German coalition at the Battle of Liegnitz, showcasing their superior tactics in Europe.
Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam.
During the Mongol invasions of Vietnam in 1288, Trần dynasty forces achieved a decisive naval victory at the Battle of Bach Dang River.
Despite being outnumbered 16:1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels.
On April 9, 1388, the Old Swiss Confederacy secured a surprising victory against the Archduchy of Austria at the Battle of Näfels.
The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.
In 1454, Italian rulers signed the Treaty of Lodi to create a 50-year balance of power and peace among the major city-states.
Resettled Shiite Muslims rise up in the Şahkulu rebellion under the leadership of Şahkulu against the Ottoman Empire.
In 1511, Shiite Muslims in Anatolia rebelled under Şahkulu’s leadership, challenging the Sunni authority of the Ottoman Empire.
Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
In 1609, Spain and the Dutch Republic signed the Twelve Years’ Truce with the Treaty of Antwerp, pausing hostilities during the Eighty Years’ War.
Births
Al-Muqtafi
Al-Muqtafi was the Abbasid caliph from 1136 to 1160, known for strengthening the caliphate amid Seljuk challenges.
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Emperor Renzong of Yuan, ruled from 1311 to 1320, promoting Confucian learning and administrative reform.
Camilla Battista da Varano
Camilla Battista da Varano was a 16th-century Italian noblewoman turned Poor Clare nun and mystic, later canonized as a saint.
Jean
Jean de Lorraine was a French cardinal in the early 16th century, serving as a key church diplomat and advisor to the monarchy.
Julius Henry
Julius Henry was the Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in the 17th century, noted for his leadership during the Thirty Years' War and cultural patronage.
John Davenport
John Davenport was a 17th-century English Puritan minister who co-founded the New Haven Colony in North America.
Johann Crüger
Johann Crüger was a 17th-century Sorbian-German composer and music theorist, celebrated for his Lutheran chorales.
Henrik Rysensteen
Henrik Rysensteen was a 17th-century Dutch military engineer who contributed to the design of fortifications.
Johann Caspar Kerll
Johann Caspar Kerll was a 17th-century German organist and composer celebrated for his keyboard works and sacred music.
Deaths
Jimmu
Legendary first emperor of Japan, traditionally credited with founding the Yamato dynasty.
Tan Daoji
Prominent Liu Song dynasty general and politician who led key military campaigns.
Zeno
Byzantine emperor from 474 to 491, remembered for surviving revolts and managing religious disputes.
Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari
Arab governor of Egypt under early Islamic caliphates, known for administrative reforms.
Constantine
Pope from 708 to 715, noted for negotiations with Constantinople and defending church autonomy.
Benedict VIII
Pope from 1012 to 1024, influential in strengthening papal authority and church reform.
William X
Duke of Aquitaine from 1126 to 1137, patron of troubadour culture and crusade participant.
Henry II
High Duke of Poland from 1238 to 1241, remembered for his stand against the Mongol invasion.
Margaret of Scotland
Scottish princess who became Queen of Norway, fostering diplomatic ties between kingdoms.