April 13

Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Paschal II, strengthening his position in medieval Europe.

Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.

Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade capture Constantinople, ending Byzantine rule in the city.

Thirteen Years' War: the beginning of the Battle for Kneiphof.

The Battle for Kneiphof begins in Königsberg during the Thirteen Years' War between Poland and the Teutonic Knights.

Samurai Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō in a duel at Funajima island.

Legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi defeats rival Sasaki Kojirō in a famed duel on Funajima island.

Samuel Argall, having captured Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia, sets off with her to Jamestown with the intention of exchanging her for English prisoners held by her father.

Samuel Argall abducts Pocahontas and sails her to Jamestown to secure the release of English prisoners.

The Sikh religion is formalised as the Khalsa – the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints – by Guru Gobind Singh in northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar.

Guru Gobind Singh formalizes the Khalsa, uniting Sikhs under a shared martial and spiritual identity.

George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah makes its world premiere in Dublin, Ireland.

Handel's oratorio Messiah premieres in Dublin, captivating audiences with its profound music.

American Revolutionary War: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.

American troops are ambushed and defeated at the Battle of Bound Brook during the Revolutionary War.

The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.

The Roman Catholic Relief Act grants Catholics in the UK the right to vote and serve in Parliament.