April 18

On April 18, 1506, Pope Julius II placed the cornerstone for St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. Designed by Bramante, the new basilica aimed to replace the old Constantinian church. The project became one of the greatest architectural undertakings of the Renaissance. Over the next century, masters like Michelangelo and Carlo Maderno would shape its iconic dome and façade. St. Peter's Basilica emerged as a symbol of papal authority and artistic ambition. Its construction influenced church architecture across Europe. Today, it remains one of the largest and most visited churches in the world.

On April 18, 1738, King Philip V of Spain established the Real Academia de la Historia in Madrid. The academy's mission was to research, document, and publish works on Spanish historical heritage. It attracted scholars dedicated to exploring archives, inscriptions, and manuscripts. Over time, it became a leading center for historians and linguists. The institution published important chronicles and edited medieval documents. Its collections grew to include maps, coins, and antiquities. Today, it continues to promote historical studies and cultural preservation in Spain.

First published on April 18, 1857, "The Spirits’ Book" (Le Livre des Esprits) was authored by French educator Allan Kardec. It compiled answers to philosophical questions on life, death, and the nature of spirits, as communicated through mediums. The book outlined the principles of Spiritist doctrine, exploring morality, the afterlife, and human progress. It quickly gained popularity in France and sparked a Spiritualist movement emphasizing scientific study of spiritual phenomena. Kardec’s work influenced religious and philosophical thought throughout Europe and beyond. Over subsequent decades, Spiritism inspired communities, charitable activities, and mediumistic practices worldwide. "The Spirits’ Book" remains a central text for Spiritists and continues to be reprinted in multiple languages.

In April 1938, Action Comics #1 featured the debut of Superman, a character created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The iconic hero, with abilities like flight, super strength, and invulnerability, captivated readers. Superman's arrival revolutionized comic books, spawning a new era of superheroes and imaginative storytelling. The character's moral code and alter ego, Clark Kent, became templates for future superheroes. Superman's popularity led to radio shows, film serials, and eventually a vast multimedia empire.