April 19
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Ælfheah of Canterbury(Anglican,Catholic), Conrad of Ascoli, Emma of Lesum, Expeditus, George of Antioch, OlausandLaurentius Petri(Lutheran), Pope Leo IX, Ursmar, April 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast day commemorating several saints across Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox traditions.
Bicycle Day, apsychedelicholiday
Bicycle Day marks the first intentional LSD trip by chemist Albert Hofmann and has become a celebrated event in the psychedelic community.
Ælfheah of Canterbury(Anglican,Catholic)
Feast day of Ælfheah of Canterbury, an Anglo-Saxon archbishop and martyr venerated in the Anglican and Catholic churches.
Conrad of Ascoli
Emma of Lesum
Expeditus
George of Antioch
OlausandLaurentius Petri(Lutheran)
Pope Leo IX
Events
The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all of the conspirators are arrested.
In AD 65, the freedman Milichus exposes Piso's conspiracy to assassinate Emperor Nero, leading to the swift arrest of all involved.
Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria).
In 531, Byzantine forces under General Belisarius suffer a defeat at the Battle of Callinicum against the Persians near Raqqa in Syria.
The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.
In 1506, a wave of mob violence known as the Lisbon Massacre erupts as Portuguese Catholics brutally attack accused Jews.
Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities protest the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.
After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, German princes and free cities issue a protest, marking the beginning of the Protestant Reformation on April 19, 1529.
The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed.
In 1539, the Treaty of Frankfurt is signed, temporarily easing tensions between Protestant princes and Emperor Charles V.
In Ireland, O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.
On April 19, 1608, Sir Cahir O'Doherty leads the Burning of Derry, igniting his rebellion against English rule in Ireland.
The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.
In 1677, French forces capture the strategic town of Cambrai from Spanish control during the Franco-Dutch War.
With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa, was not born until 1717.
Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction on April 19, 1713, allowing female succession to Habsburg territories.
Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.
Lieutenant James Cook sights the eastern coast of Australia for the first time on April 19, 1770.
Births
Frederick IV
Last King of Naples from the House of Trastámara, who ruled from 1496 until his deposition in 1501.
Sir John Hobart
English aristocrat and politician who served as a Member of Parliament in early 17th-century England.
Michel Le Tellier
French statesman who served as Secretary of State for War under Louis XIV and modernized the French army.
Christoph Bach
German Baroque organist and composer, patriarch of the musical Bach family.
Willem Drost
Dutch Golden Age painter, a pupil of Rembrandt known for his portrait and historical scenes.
George St Lo(e)
English Royal Navy officer and administrator who held key naval and dockyard positions.
Johann Wilhelm
Elector Palatine known for his patronage of the arts and the cultural development of Düsseldorf.
Jacques Lelong
French bibliographer and scholar, renowned for creating comprehensive catalogs of manuscripts and printed works.
Vasily Tatishchev
Russian statesman, geographer, and ethnographer who authored the first comprehensive history of Russia and founded the city of Perm.
Deaths
Judith of Bavaria
Empress of the Carolingian Empire, wife of Emperor Louis the Pious and mother to Lothair II.
Ælfheah of Canterbury
English archbishop of Canterbury and martyr who was killed by Viking raiders in 1012.
Hisham II
Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba whose reign was shaped by powerful ministers and internal conflict.
Gothelo I
Duke of Lower and Upper Lorraine, known as "the Great" for his military successes and loyalty to the empire.
Leo IX
Pope from 1049 to 1054 who spearheaded reforms and whose conflict with Constantinople led to the Great Schism.
Gerasimus I
Byzantine Patriarch of Constantinople from 1320 to 1321 during the Palaiologan era.
Robert II
First King of the House of Stewart, who ruled Scotland from 1371 until his death in 1390.
Thomas West
English nobleman and military commander who served under Kings Edward III and Richard II during the Hundred Years' War.
Adolph III
Count of Waldeck who ruled his German territories during the late 14th and early 15th centuries.