April 30

Recognizing the need for separate facilities tailored to female offenders, the U.S. government established the Alderson prison under the Federal Industrial Act. The facility emphasized rehabilitation through work programs, education, and vocational training. Early inmates included women convicted of a range of federal offenses, from mail fraud to bootlegging. The institute's design featured cottage-style housing to promote a more humane environment than traditional prisons. Over the decades, Alderson evolved to address changing correctional philosophies and challenges. It remains a landmark in the history of women's incarceration and criminal justice reform.

On April 30, 1963, local activists in Bristol initiated a boycott of the Bristol Omnibus Company to protest its refusal to hire Black or Asian bus crews. Sparked by racial hiring policies, the protest garnered widespread support and media coverage across the UK. Led by figures such as Paul Stephenson, the boycott highlighted systemic racism in Britain's public services. After 60 days, the company reversed its discriminatory policy and agreed to hire non-white workers. This victory inspired further civil rights actions in the UK and set a precedent for equality in employment. The Bristol Bus Boycott became a defining moment in British race relations and civil rights history.