May 09

Born in 1759 in Marbach, Schiller rose from humble beginnings to become one of Germany's greatest literary figures. His plays, including 'The Robbers', 'Don Carlos', and 'William Tell', challenged social injustice and explored themes of freedom and duty. A close friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, he helped shape the cultural life of Weimar. Schiller also wrote influential historical works, such as his multi-volume 'History of the Thirty Years' War'. He championed Enlightenment ideals and his poetry celebrated human dignity and moral responsibility. His works have had a lasting impact on German literature and theatre.

Born in 1769, Merkel was a pioneering voice for the rights of Baltic peasants under the Russian Empire. His book 'Die lettischen Kötchen' exposed the harsh conditions faced by serfs, stirring public debate and sympathy. An Erasmian humanist, he championed Enlightenment ideals of justice and equality. Merkel's activism extended beyond his writings as he engaged with intellectual circles across Europe. Despite facing censorship and exile, he continued to write prolifically on political and social issues. His legacy endures as a foundational figure in Estonian cultural and national awakening.

George Coșbuc (1866–1918) was a leading Romanian poet and writer whose work captured the essence of peasant life with lyrical realism. Born in Hordou, he began his career as a journalist before gaining fame for poetry collections like 'Năpasta' and 'Balade și idile'. Coșbuc translated classical texts such as Homer's epics into Romanian, making world literature accessible to his compatriots. His writings played a pivotal role in shaping modern Romanian literary language and national identity at the turn of the 20th century. Beyond poetry, he founded and edited influential newspapers, using his platform to comment on social and cultural issues. Coșbuc's blend of journalistic precision and poetic flair left a lasting impact on Romanian letters.

Han Yong-un (1879–1944), known by his pen name Manhae, was a pioneering Korean poet and Buddhist reformer. He combined spiritual teachings with nationalist ideals, playing a key role in Korea's independence movement against Japanese rule. His poetry collections, such as 'Nimui Chimmuk', blended lyrical beauty with calls for social justice. As a monk, he introduced modernist interpretations of Buddhist thought, advocating for ethical reform in religious institutions. Han participated in the March 1st Movement of 1919 and was imprisoned for his activism. His legacy endures in South Korea's literary and religious landscapes, inspiring generations with his fusion of art and advocacy.

Mercedes de Acosta (1893–1968) was an American writer and poet whose works explored themes of love and identity. She gained fame with avant-garde plays such as 'Senorita' and 'The Dividing Line'. De Acosta was a prominent socialite and formed close friendships with cultural icons like Isadora Duncan and Greta Garbo. Her autobiography 'Here Lies the Heart' offered candid insights into her relationships and the bohemian art world. Although her work was controversial in her lifetime, she is now recognized for her bold contributions to early 20th-century American literature.

Jens Bjørneboe (1920–1976) was a leading Norwegian writer whose work challenged societal norms and authority. His novels, including 'The History of Bestiality' trilogy, explored themes of justice, morality, and human cruelty. Bjørneboe also wrote plays, essays, and poetry, often sparking controversy with his outspoken views on politics and religion. A committed humanist and anti-militarist, he used his writings to advocate for individual freedom and social reform. Despite personal struggles, his literary contributions left a profound impact on Scandinavian literature, and his fearless voice continues to inspire.

James Jones (1921–1977) was an American writer whose novels vividly depicted the experiences of soldiers during World War II. Drawing on his own service in the U.S. Army, he crafted powerful works such as From Here to Eternity, which won the 1952 National Book Award, and The Thin Red Line. His authentic portrayal of military life and the psychological toll of combat earned him critical acclaim and a lasting place in 20th-century American literature. Jones's work remains influential for its unflinching realism and depth of character.

Giuseppe 'Peppino' Impastato (1948–1978) was an Italian political activist and journalist from Sicily known for his fierce opposition to the Mafia. Through his radio program and writings, he exposed the activities of local crime bosses, using satire and investigative journalism. His fearless advocacy made him a symbol of the anti-Mafia movement. On May 9, 1978, he was killed by a car bomb arranged by Mafia members, a crime that sparked outrage across Italy and inspired continued efforts to combat organized crime.

Nelson Algren (1909–1981) was a celebrated American writer whose works captured the struggles of the urban poor and disenfranchised. His most famous novel, The Man with the Golden Arm, won the National Book Award in 1950 and was later adapted into a film starring Frank Sinatra. Algren's writing, including collections like Neon Wilderness, combined realism with a deep empathy for his characters. His vivid depictions of Chicago's underworld and his lyrical prose style have influenced countless writers and solidified his place in American literature.

Born in 1932, Penelope Gilliatt began her writing career contributing fiction and criticism to prestigious publications. She authored novels and short stories acclaimed for their psychological depth and elegant prose. Gilliatt gained renown as a film critic for The Observer and The New Yorker, where her reviews combined literary flair with perceptive commentary. Her work often explored themes of identity and social change in post-war Britain. Gilliatt's legacy endures through her compelling fiction and influential criticism that shaped the discourse around cinema and literature.

Nuala O'Faolain was an Irish writer, journalist, and broadcaster known for her frank and witty prose. She began as a journalist for Ireland's national broadcaster before publishing acclaimed memoirs. Her book Are You Somebody? detailed her search for personal and national identity, resonating worldwide. O'Faolain wrote extensively on feminism, aging, and the complexities of Irish society. Her work challenged traditional norms and gave voice to women's experiences in contemporary Ireland. She passed away in 2008, leaving behind a legacy of introspective and influential writing.

Pascal Sevran was a French television host, singer, and writer who became a staple of French pop culture. He gained fame hosting music shows like La Chance aux Chansons, showcasing emerging artists and classic hits. As a singer, he released several albums blending chanson and contemporary styles. Sevran authored bestselling novels and memoirs, sharing personal anecdotes and insights into the entertainment world. His charismatic presence and passion for music made him a beloved figure on France 2 for decades. Despite controversies later in his career, his impact on French television and literature remains significant.