May 13

Born in 1221, Alexander Nevsky defended Russian lands against Swedish and Teutonic invasions, most famously at the Battle on the Ice in 1242. As Grand Prince of Vladimir, he balanced complex relations with the Mongol Empire to preserve Russian autonomy. His diplomatic skill and military leadership unified the northern principalities during a turbulent era. Revered for his pious character, Alexander was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. He is remembered as a symbol of resistance and national identity in Russia. His legacy endures in Russian culture, with numerous monuments and churches dedicated to his name.

Lazare Carnot played a pivotal role in the French Revolutionary Wars by overhauling army recruitment and supply, earning him the nickname “Organizer of Victory.” A talented mathematician, he published works on geometry and mechanics. He served as Minister of the Interior under Napoleon, overseeing public works and education. Carnot also held political office during the Directory, advocating for republican principles and contributing to France’s strategic military successes.