May 13

John Tebbutt first observed the comet on May 13, 1861, from Windsor in New South Wales, marking Australia’s contribution to astronomical discovery. Known as Comet Tebbutt, it later became one of the most spectacular comets of the 19th century. The celestial body reached peak brightness that enabled observers in both hemispheres to witness its glowing tail stretching across the sky. Its unexpected appearance captivated scientists and the public alike, leading to widespread newspaper reports and illustrations. Tebbutt’s careful observations and calculations helped determine its orbit, confirming it as a long-period comet. The discovery cemented his reputation and inspired further astronomical research in the region.

On May 13, 1912, the British Army formed the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) as its air arm, combining military aviation and demand for reconnaissance. The RFC began with a handful of pilots and aircraft, focusing on training, mapping, and artillery spotting. Its creation marked a significant advancement in military strategy and technology, as nations recognized the potential of airpower. By the outbreak of World War I, the RFC had expanded rapidly, conducting air operations on the Western Front. The experiences and lessons learned by the RFC directly influenced the establishment of the Royal Air Force in 1918. This innovative corps set precedents for modern aerial warfare and aviation development.

Over a ten-year odyssey, Australian engineer Ben Carlin achieved an unprecedented world circumnavigation. Departing with his amphibious Jeep, Carlin navigated rivers, seas, and rugged terrains across continents. He covered more than 17,000 kilometres by water and over 62,000 kilometres across land. Facing mechanical breakdowns, extreme weather, and logistical challenges, he pressed onward. His journey took him through remote jungles, bustling cities, and perilous waterways. Carlin's feat remains unmatched as the only global voyage completed in an amphibious vehicle. His adventure highlighted human perseverance and the versatility of amphibious engineering.

On May 13, 1998, India carried out two more underground nuclear detonations at the Pokhran range.\nThese followed three tests conducted two days earlier, showcasing India's growing strategic capabilities.\nIn response, the United States and Japan imposed economic sanctions, citing non-proliferation concerns.\nThe tests dramatically altered regional security dynamics and escalated tensions with Pakistan.\nIndia's nuclear demonstration sparked global debate on disarmament and the future of nuclear diplomacy.