May 19

Born in 1762 in Rammenau, Johann Gottlieb Fichte studied theology before turning his attention to philosophy. He taught at the universities of Jena and Berlin, where his pioneering lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre developed a new philosophical system centered on the self-conscious ‘I.’ Influenced by Immanuel Kant, Fichte argued that the active self posits both the world and its own freedom. His 1808 Addresses to the German Nation inspired nationalist and educational reforms during the Napoleonic Wars. As rector of the University of Berlin, he advanced academic freedom and research. Fichte died in 1814, but his work laid the groundwork for later idealist and existential thought.

Julius Evola was an Italian philosopher, esoteric thinker, and painter influential in 20th-century traditionalism. His major work Revolt Against the Modern World critiqued modernity and advocated a return to spiritual hierarchies. Evola's writings blended metaphysics, occultism, and political theory, attracting followers in various intellectual circles. As a painter, he produced symbolic artworks reflecting his esoteric beliefs. Though controversial for his association with radical politics, his ideas continue to be studied in philosophy and cultural studies.

Oliver Letwin was born in 1956 in London, England. He studied philosophy, politics, and economics at Oxford University. Letwin served as a Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2019, holding shadow cabinet positions including Shadow Home Secretary. He was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 2016 to 2019, overseeing Brexit policy coordination. Letwin is known for his intellectual approach to conservative politics and published writings on political philosophy. After leaving Parliament, he continues to write and comment on public affairs.