May 20

On May 20, 1883, the volcano Krakatoa in Indonesia began a series of eruptions that would culminate in one of history’s most devastating volcanic explosions. Early explosions rained ash and pumice over nearby islands, disrupting life and navigation in the Sunda Strait. Seismographs detected mounting activity as pressure built within the volcanic vents. The dramatic prelude set the stage for the catastrophic eruption on August 27, which claimed over 36,000 lives. The Krakatoa event profoundly impacted climate, global weather patterns, and scientific understanding of volcanic phenomena.

On May 20, 1958, Capital Airlines Flight 300 en route from Washington, D.C., collided with a USAF Lockheed T-33 trainer over Brunswick, Maryland. The accident occurred due to both aircraft converging at similar altitudes during nighttime operations. All 12 people aboard both planes perished in the crash. Investigation prompted reviews of air traffic control coordination between civilian and military flights. The tragedy led to improved communication protocols and safety measures in shared airspace.

On May 20, 1965, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 705, operating from London to Karachi with a stop in Cairo, crashed during its final approach to Cairo International Airport in poor weather conditions. All 121 passengers and crew on board lost their lives. Investigators cited navigational errors and limited visibility as key factors in the accident. The crash led to reforms in landing procedures and enhanced training for instrument-based approaches. It remains one of PIA’s deadliest aviation disasters.

On May 20, 2009, an Indonesian Air Force Lockheed L-100 Hercules transport plane crashed near Magetan Regency in East Java. The aircraft was carrying military personnel and material supplies when it went down during takeoff conditions. Poor weather and mechanical issues were later investigated as potential factors in the crash. All 99 people on board—crew members and passengers—lost their lives, making it one of the worst air disasters in Indonesian military history. The accident prompted a thorough review of aircraft maintenance protocols and flight safety procedures within the Air Force. Memorials were held to honor the victims and support their families.

On May 20, 2012, a 6.0-magnitude earthquake struck the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The tremor devastated historic towns such as Finale Emilia and Mirandola, toppling buildings and churches. At least 27 people were killed and dozens more injured by collapsing structures and falling debris. Rescue teams from across Italy mobilized to search for survivors and provide emergency aid. The earthquake underscored the vulnerability of cultural heritage sites to seismic activity. Reconstruction efforts focused on preserving architectural landmarks while ensuring modern safety standards.

An EF5 tornado plowed through Moore, Oklahoma, and its suburbs on May 20, 2013. With wind speeds exceeding 200 mph, the twister obliterated homes, schools, and businesses along its path. The storm claimed 24 lives and injured 377 others, marking one of the deadliest tornadoes in recent U.S. history. Advanced warning systems provided crucial lead time, but the tornado's intensity overwhelmed many structures. Community volunteers and first responders spearheaded relief efforts, delivering aid to affected families. The disaster prompted renewed investment in storm-resistant construction and emergency preparedness.