May 20

In 1293, Sancho IV established the Estudio de Escuelas de Generales to formalize advanced education in Castile. Located in Alcalá de Henares, it offered studies in theology, canon law, and the liberal arts. The school attracted prominent scholars and emphasized rigorous instruction in Latin grammar. This royal foundation laid the groundwork for the later University of Alcalá, which became a leading European institution. The initiative reflected a broader medieval trend toward institutionalized learning and scholarship.

Amelia Earhart's flight challenged gender norms and showcased advances in aviation technology. Piloting a Lockheed Vega 5B, she navigated over 2,000 miles of open ocean using celestial navigation. Enduring fatigue and stormy weather, she landed near Londonderry, Northern Ireland, on May 21. Her achievement earned her the United States Distinguished Flying Cross, making her the first woman recipient. Earhart's flight inspired a generation of female aviators and contributed to growing support for women's rights and equality in the 20th century.

On May 20, 1985, Radio Martí, a U.S. government-funded broadcast service under the Voice of America, started transmitting news and information to Cuba. The station sought to counter state-controlled media by providing Cubans with independent journalism, music, and commentary. Cuban authorities frequently jammed signals, leading to ongoing technical battles over reception quality. Radio Martí played a significant role in Cold War media efforts and remains an emblem of U.S.-Cuba information policy. Its broadcasts contributed to the flow of outside perspectives into Cuban society.

Colorado's Amendment 2, approved by voters in 1992, sought to bar legislative, executive, or judicial measures protecting gays and lesbians. In Romer v. Evans (1996), the U.S. Supreme Court, led by Justice Anthony Kennedy, deemed the amendment unconstitutional. The Court held that the measure violated the Equal Protection Clause by targeting a specific group without legitimate governmental purpose. The decision represented a major victory for LGBTQ+ rights and expanded protections against discrimination. Romer v. Evans set a precedent for subsequent cases advancing marriage equality and civil rights nationwide. The ruling underscored the Supreme Court's role in safeguarding minority rights against popular prejudice.