May 23

Born in Madrid, Caramuel studied in Salamanca and later took ecclesiastical positions across Europe including bishoprics in Vic and Vigevano. He authored over a hundred works covering arithmetic, geometry, theology, and philosophy. His 'Mathesis biceps' explored binary arithmetic and laid groundwork for combinatorial analysis. Caramuel engaged in debates on moral theology and defended probabilistic reasoning in uncertain ethical contexts. His polymathic career bridged scientific inquiry and religious scholarship in the 17th century.

Gabriel Liiceanu is one of Romania’s leading contemporary philosophers, emerging from the Păltiniș circle led by Constantin Noica. He authored the influential work "The Păltiniș Diary," which blends personal reflection with philosophical inquiry. Liiceanu has published numerous essays and books on ethics, existentialism, and post-communist identity. He served as the director of Editura Humanitas, a major cultural publishing house in Bucharest. As an academic, he has lectured extensively in Europe and the United States, bridging Eastern and Western philosophical traditions.