1225day.year
Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of Dominican friars to Morocco.
Pope Honorius III issued the papal bull Vineae Domini custodes in 1225, authorizing Dominican friars to undertake missionary work in Morocco.
In 1225, Pope Honorius III formalized the Dominican Order’s mission to North Africa by issuing the bull Vineae Domini custodes. This decree granted Dominican friars ecclesiastical support to preach Christianity and establish religious communities in Morocco. The mission aimed to counter Islamic influence and foster interfaith dialogue under papal authority. Honorius III’s approval facilitated increased travel and outreach by the friars, leading to the foundation of churches and schools in the region. The bull reflected the papacy’s expanding global ambitions and its commitment to missionary activity during the High Middle Ages.
1225
Pope Honorius III
Vineae Domini custodes
the mission of Dominican friars to Morocco
1523day.year
Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city will not recognise him as the successor of Christian II of Denmark.
Frederick I of Denmark’s forces besieged Copenhagen in 1523 after the city refused to recognize him as the new monarch.
In 1523, following the deposition of Christian II, Frederick I ascended to the Danish throne amid contested succession. The citizens of Copenhagen remained loyal to the former king and refused to pledge fealty to Frederick. To assert his authority, Frederick's army encircled the city with artillery and blockaded supplies. After weeks of siege warfare, Copenhagen capitulated, securing Frederick's position as ruler of Denmark. The event reinforced the power of the monarchy and foreshadowed religious and political changes that would accompany the Protestant Reformation in Scandinavia.
1523
Copenhagen
Frederick I of Denmark
Christian II of Denmark
1539day.year
Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had traveling to Venice.
In 1539, Pope Paul III postponed the opening of the Council of Trent, citing war and travel difficulties for attending bishops.
Originally scheduled as part of the Counter-Reformation to address church reform, the Council of Trent faced delays due to conflicts between European powers. In June 1539, Pope Paul III issued letters to bishops, informing them that ongoing wars and hazardous journeys to Venice made attendance impractical. The postponement reflected the complex interplay of politics, religion, and logistics in 16th-century Europe. The council would not convene until 1545 but eventually became a cornerstone in defining Catholic doctrine and responding to Protestant challenges. This delay highlights the challenges the papacy faced in uniting Christendom under a unified reform agenda.
1539
Council of Trent
Pope Paul III
bishops
Venice
1624day.year
Signing of the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Netherlands.
France and the Netherlands signed the Treaty of Compiègne in 1624, formalizing their alliance against Habsburg Spain.
Amid the complex diplomatic landscape of the Thirty Years’ War, Cardinal Richelieu of France sought to counter Habsburg power without direct confrontation. By negotiating with the Dutch Republic, France aimed to weaken Spain’s hold on the Spanish Netherlands. On June 10, 1624, the Treaty of Compiègne was signed, stipulating mutual military support and financial subsidies. This agreement strengthened the Franco-Dutch alliance, enabling joint operations against Spanish forces. The treaty marked a strategic shift that expanded France’s influence in European affairs and underscored Richelieu’s realpolitik approach to foreign policy.
1624
Treaty of Compiègne
1692day.year
Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries".
In 1692, Bridget Bishop became the first person executed during the Salem witch trials, hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts after being accused of witchcraft.
In the midst of Puritan hysteria in colonial Massachusetts, Bridget Bishop was accused of practicing witchcraft. She stood trial at Salem Village and was found guilty of 'detestable arts called witchcraft and sorceries.' On June 10, 1692, she was hanged at Gallows Hill, becoming the first of 20 people executed in the infamous Salem witch trials. The event epitomized the dangers of mass fear, religious extremism, and flawed legal processes. It later served as a cautionary tale about the perils of scapegoating and judicial injustice in early American history.
1692
Salem witch trials
Bridget Bishop
Salem, Massachusetts
1782day.year
King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) is crowned.
In 1782, Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke was crowned as Rama I, founding the Chakri dynasty and establishing Bangkok as the capital of Siam.
On June 10, 1782, Prince Thongduang ascended the throne of Siam, taking the regnal name Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I). He established the Chakri dynasty, which continues to reign in Thailand today. Under his leadership, the capital was moved to Bangkok, where he initiated major administrative and cultural reforms. Rama I patronized Buddhism, commissioned temples, and compiled national chronicles, laying the foundations of modern Thai identity. His coronation consolidated Siam’s independence and charted a new era in Southeast Asian history.
1782
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
Thailand
crowned
1793day.year
French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
In 1793, the Jacobins seized control of France’s Committee of Public Safety after arresting rival Girondin leaders, ushering in the revolutionary dictatorship known as the Reign of Terror.
After internal strife during the French Revolution, radical Jacobins orchestrated the arrest of leading Girondin deputies in early June 1793. On June 10, the Jacobins consolidated power over the Committee of Public Safety, the body responsible for national security. Under figures like Robespierre, they imposed strict policies, centralized authority, and launched the Reign of Terror to purge perceived enemies. This period saw mass executions and draconian measures aimed at defending the revolution. The Jacobin dictatorship profoundly altered the course of French history and revolutionary politics.
French Revolution
Girondin
Jacobins
Committee of Public Safety
revolutionary dictatorship
1805day.year
First Barbary War: Yusuf Karamanli signs a treaty ending the hostilities between Tripolitania and the United States.
In 1805, Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha of Tripoli, signed a peace treaty with the United States, ending the First Barbary War and securing safer Mediterranean trade.
The First Barbary War (1801–1805) pitted the United States against the Barbary States over demands for tribute by North African corsairs. After a naval blockade and military actions led by Commodore Edward Preble, a treaty was negotiated. On June 10, 1805, Yusuf Karamanli, the Pasha of Tripoli, formally ended hostilities with the U.S. The agreement freed American prisoners and established terms that reduced ransom payments. This victory demonstrated the growing reach of the young American navy and bolstered U.S. maritime independence.
1805
First Barbary War
Yusuf Karamanli
Tripolitania
1868day.year
Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
Prince Mihailo Obrenović III of Serbia was assassinated on June 10, 1868, ending a reign noted for modernizing reforms and national consolidation.
On June 10, 1868, Prince Mihailo Obrenović III was shot and killed by conspirators while walking in the Košutnjak forest near Belgrade. During his reign, Mihailo had negotiated treaties that expanded Serbia's autonomy from the Ottoman Empire and introduced legal and educational reforms to modernize the state. His assassination by members of the rival Karađorđević family plunged the principality into political uncertainty. A regency was established until his younger brother, Milan, came of age, marking a shift in Serbia's power dynamics. Mihailo’s death underscored tensions between progressive and conservative factions within the Serbian elite. In the years that followed, Serbia continued to pursue full independence, achieved at the 1878 Congress of Berlin. Mihailo is remembered for his vision of a unified Serbian nation and his patronage of cultural institutions.
1868
Mihailo Obrenović III
Prince of Serbia
1878day.year
League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
The League of Prizren was founded on June 10, 1878, to unite Albanian leaders against the territorial partitioning by the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano.
On June 10, 1878, delegates from various Albanian regions met in Prizren to form the League of Prizren, aiming to defend Albanian-inhabited lands against division by neighboring states. The league opposed the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, which threatened to allocate Albanian territories to Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece. Under the leadership of figures like Abdyl Frashëri, the organization sought autonomy within the Ottoman Empire, the promotion of Albanian-language schools, and administrative reforms. While lacking a formal army, the league organized local militias to protect communities and assert political demands. It employed diplomatic channels in Istanbul and European capitals to argue its cause. Although suppressed by Ottoman authorities in 1881, the League of Prizren served as a foundation for Albanian national identity and future independence movements. Its legacy endures as a symbol of unity and resistance in Albanian history.
1878
League of Prizren
Congress of Berlin
Treaty of San Stefano
Balkans
Serbia
Montenegro
Bulgaria
1924day.year
Fascists kidnap and kill Italian Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
Italian Fascists abducted and murdered Socialist deputy Giacomo Matteotti in Rome in a political assassination that shocked the nation.
Giacomo Matteotti was a prominent Italian Socialist deputy who openly criticized Mussolini's Fascist regime. On June 10, 1924, he was kidnapped by Fascist agents shortly after delivering a scathing speech in parliament. His body was found weeks later, triggering public outrage and a major political crisis. The murder exposed the brutality of the regime and tested Benito Mussolini's hold on power. Despite initial denials, evidence linked senior Fascist officials to the crime. Matteotti's assassination is seen as a turning point towards dictatorship in Italy.
1924
Fascists
Socialist
Giacomo Matteotti
1940day.year
World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions in his "Stab in the Back" speech at the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
FDR delivers his 'Stab in the Back' speech at UVA, condemning Italy's war declarations as betrayal of democracy.
During the June 10, 1940 graduation ceremony at the University of Virginia, President Franklin D. Roosevelt condemned Italy's declaration of war on France and the United Kingdom. He referred to Italy's actions as a 'Stab in the Back' of democracy and a betrayal of Western values. FDR used the platform to rally American public opinion against Axis aggressions. His speech framed the conflict as a moral struggle and underscored the need for U.S. vigilance. Although the United States remained officially neutral, Roosevelt's remarks signaled growing support for the Allies. The speech boosted domestic morale and set the stage for future aid measures like Lend-Lease.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
University of Virginia