June 12
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Chaco Armistice Day(Paraguay)
Chaco Armistice Day marks the ceasefire agreement that ended the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935.
Christianfeast day:
108 Martyrs of World War II, Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius, BlessedHildegard Burjan, Enmegahbowh(Episcopal Church), Eskil, First Ecumenical Council(Lutheran), Gaspar Bertoni, John of Sahagún, Onuphrius, Pope Leo III, Ternan, June 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast day honoring various saints and martyrs, including the 108 Martyrs of World War II and other figures.
Dia dos Namorados(Brazil)
Dia dos Namorados is Brazil’s version of Valentine’s Day, celebrating love and romance on June 12.
Helsinki Day(Finland)
Helsinki Day celebrates the founding of Finland’s capital with cultural events and community activities.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of thePhilippinesfromSpainin 1898.
Philippines’ Independence Day commemorates the declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898.
June 12 Commemoration(Lagos State)
June 12 Commemoration in Lagos State honors Nigeria’s historic 1993 presidential election and its democratic legacy.
Loving Day(United States)
Loving Day celebrates the landmark Supreme Court decision that struck down laws banning interracial marriage in the U.S.
Russia Day(Russia)
Russia Day is a national holiday marking the June 12, 1990 adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR.
Women Veterans Recognition Day(United States)
Women Veterans Recognition Day honors the contributions and sacrifices of women who have served in the U.S. military.
Events
Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
In 910, Hungarian cavalry lured the East Frankish forces into a trap at Augsburg, using a daring feigned retreat to secure a crushing victory.
The Ghurid general Qutb ud-Din Aibak founds the Delhi Sultanate.
In 1206, Qutb ud-Din Aibak established the Delhi Sultanate, laying the foundation for centuries of Muslim rule in northern India.
At the instigation of Louis IX of France, an inter-faith debate, known as the Disputation of Paris, starts between a Christian monk and four rabbis.
In 1240, under King Louis IX, a landmark interfaith debate in Paris pitted Christian and Jewish theologians against each other.
Peasants' Revolt: In England, rebels assemble at Blackheath, just outside London.
During the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, thousands of English rebels gathered at Blackheath, poised for confrontation outside London.
Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Parisians slaughter sympathizers of Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac, along with all prisoners, foreign bankers, and students and faculty of the College of Navarre.
In 1418, amid the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War, Parisians brutally massacred supporters of Bernard VII and foreign residents.
Hundred Years' War: On the second day of the Battle of Jargeau, Joan of Arc leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
Joan of Arc led French forces to capture Jargeau and its English commander during the Hundred Years' War on June 12, 1429.
The city of Helsinki, Finland (belonging to Sweden at the time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.
In 1550, King Gustav I of Sweden founded Helsinki to rival the Hanseatic city of Tallinn and boost trade.
The Westminster Assembly is convened by the Parliament of England, without the assent of Charles I, in order to restructure the Church of England.
On June 12, 1643, the English Parliament convened the Westminster Assembly to reform the Church of England without royal consent.
First Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of the Gabbard begins, lasting until the following day.
The First Anglo-Dutch War saw the Battle of the Gabbard begin on June 12, 1653, marking a decisive naval engagement.
Births
Reizei
The 63rd emperor of Japan who reigned from 967 to 969, remembered for his literary interests and courtly life.
Gao Zong
The 11th emperor of the Song dynasty who reigned from 1127 to 1162 and established the Southern Song court after the Jin invasion.
Constance
Duchess of Brittany who ruled in her own right from 1166 until her death, navigating complex relations between England and France.
Cosimo I de' Medici
Italian nobleman who became the first Grand Duke of Tuscany and transformed Florence into a powerful Renaissance state.
Anna of Württemberg
German princess of Württemberg, daughter of Duke Christoph, who exemplified noble life in the Reformation era.
John Casimir
German duke of Saxe-Coburg who ruled for nearly four decades and promoted Protestant reforms and cultural growth.
Robert Radclyffe
English nobleman and soldier who served in military campaigns under Elizabeth I and James I.
Paul Guldin
Swiss astronomer and mathematician known for Guldin’s theorem linking surface areas and volumes.
Adriaen van Stalbemt
Flemish Golden Age painter renowned for his detailed landscapes populated with mythological and biblical figures.
Deaths
Hisham I
Emir of Córdoba from 788 to 796, noted for his military campaigns and expansion of Umayyad rule in Iberia.
Pope from 795 to 816, famous for crowning Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in 800.
Æthelflæd
Lady of the Mercians and daughter of Alfred the Great, she ruled Mercia and defended it against Viking invasions.
Lyfing
Archbishop of Canterbury from 1013 to 1020, he played a crucial role in English church and politics.
Tedald
Bishop of Arezzo from 1023 until 1036, he was an influential church leader and imperial advisor.
Al-Zamakhshari
Persian Mu'tazilite scholar, grammarian, and Quranic commentator, renowned for his work 'Al-Kashshaf'.
Henry of Scotland
3rd Earl of Huntingdon and son of King David I of Scotland, a key figure in Scottish-English relations.
Henry II
German prince of the House of Ascania, ruler of Anhalt-Aschersleben in the 13th century.
John I of Brienne
Count of Eu and member of the illustrious Brienne family, active in the late 13th century.