313day.year
The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
The Edict of Milan was published in Nicomedia, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire.
In 313 AD, Emperor Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan, ending persecution of Christians and guaranteeing religious tolerance. The proclamation was formally recorded at the eastern city of Nicomedia, marking a pivotal shift in Roman policy. This decree allowed followers of Christianity and other faiths to worship openly without fear of state reprisals. It represented one of the first legal recognitions of religious liberty in ancient history. The Edict paved the way for Christianity to flourish and shaped the religious landscape of Europe for centuries to come.
313
Edict of Milan
Constantine the Great
Valerius Licinius
religious freedom
Roman Empire
Nicomedia
1625day.year
King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury.
King Charles I married Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France in 1625 at Canterbury.
In a politically charged ceremony on June 13, 1625, King Charles I of England wed Henrietta Maria of France at Canterbury Cathedral. The marriage forged an alliance between Protestant England and Catholic France, stirring controversy at home. Henrietta Maria’s Catholic faith heightened religious tensions in Charles’s kingdom. She brought a French entourage and patronized the arts, influencing English court culture. Their union played a significant role in the complex political and religious landscape leading up to the English Civil War.
1625
Charles I of England
Henrietta Maria of France
Navarre
1774day.year
Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.
Rhode Island became the first North American colony to ban the importation of slaves in 1774.
In 1774, Rhode Island passed legislation prohibiting the importation of enslaved Africans, becoming the first British American colony to do so. The law reflected growing moral opposition to the slave trade among some colonial leaders. While existing slaveholders maintained their labor force, the ban cut off new human cargo from Africa. This move foreshadowed broader abolitionist sentiments that would grow in the northern states. Rhode Island’s decision marked a significant early step toward the eventual end of the transatlantic slave trade.
1774
Rhode Island
1893day.year
Grover Cleveland notices a rough spot in his mouth and on July 1 undergoes secret, successful surgery to remove a large, cancerous portion of his jaw; the operation was not revealed to the public until 1917, nine years after the president's death.
President Grover Cleveland undergoes a clandestine surgery to remove a cancerous growth from his jaw, an operation kept secret for nearly a quarter-century.
In 1893, President Grover Cleveland discovered a malignancy on his jaw and chose surgery to maintain public confidence amid an economic crisis. On July 1, aboard a yacht en route to his home, a surgical team led by Dr. William W. Keen removed a sizable portion of Cleveland’s right mandible. The jaw was reconstructed with a silver prosthesis, and bleeding was controlled using contemporary techniques. To avoid alarming the nation, the details were withheld from the public, and Cleveland resumed official duties shortly after. The secret was only revealed in 1917, nine years after his death, sparking debates about presidential transparency and medical privacy. Historians regard this as one of the greatest cover-ups in American political history.
1893
Grover Cleveland
secret, successful surgery
1898day.year
Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
The Canadian government officially establishes the Yukon Territory, designating Dawson as its capital amid the Klondike Gold Rush.
On June 13, 1898, Canada carved the Yukon from the Northwest Territories to manage the influx of prospectors seeking gold. Dawson City, which had sprung up almost overnight along the Yukon River, was named the territorial capital. Authorities established law enforcement, postal services, and basic infrastructure to bring order to the boomtown. New regulations on mining claims and commerce generated revenue and curbed claim-staking disputes. This administrative move stabilized the region and laid the groundwork for future development. While the gold rush waned by the early 20th century, the Yukon’s political identity endured.
1898
Yukon Territory
Dawson
1966day.year
The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before questioning them (colloquially known as "Mirandizing").
On June 13, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona, requiring police to inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before interrogation.
On June 13, 1966, the United States Supreme Court delivered its landmark decision in Miranda v. Arizona.
The Court held that custodial interrogation without informing suspects of their right to remain silent and to obtain an attorney violated the Fifth Amendment.
This established the "Miranda rights," a cornerstone of American criminal procedure.
Chief Justice Earl Warren emphasized the need to protect individuals against self-incrimination in police custody.
Law enforcement agencies were required to "Mirandize" suspects before questioning, ensuring confessions were admissible in court.
The ruling sparked debate over police practices and civil liberties, reshaping interrogation methods nationwide.
Today, reading Miranda warnings remains an iconic ritual in U.S. legal and popular culture.
1966
United States Supreme Court
Miranda v. Arizona
Fifth Amendment rights
Mirandizing
1967day.year
U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
On June 13, 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall as the first African American justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
On June 13, 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall to the United States Supreme Court.
Marshall, a lawyer and civil rights advocate, had previously won the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case.
If confirmed, he would become the first African American to serve on the nation's highest court.
Johnson hailed the nomination as a step towards equality and justice for all Americans.
Marshall brought extensive experience from his tenure as Solicitor General and NAACP Legal Defense Fund director.
He was confirmed by the Senate on August 30, 1967, and served on the Court for 24 years.
His appointment marked a historic milestone in the ongoing struggle for civil rights and representation.
1967
Lyndon B. Johnson
Thurgood Marshall
U.S. Supreme Court
1977day.year
Convicted Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray is recaptured after escaping from prison three days before.
On June 13, 1977, James Earl Ray, convicted assassin of Martin Luther King Jr., was recaptured three days after escaping from a Tennessee prison.
On June 13, 1977, James Earl Ray, convicted for the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was recaptured in Kentucky.
Ray had escaped from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Tennessee on June 10.
The manhunt involved state and federal authorities combing rural areas along the Tennessee-Kentucky border.
Ray was apprehended at a homeless camp near Pineville, Kentucky, suffering from exhaustion and dehydration.
His escape had drawn national attention and raised concerns about prison security.
Following his recapture, Ray was returned to prison to continue serving his 99-year sentence.
The incident underscored the challenges of preventing high-profile prisoner escapes.
1977
Martin Luther King Jr.
James Earl Ray
1981day.year
At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, a teenager, Marcus Sarjeant, fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.
On June 13, 1981, during London's Trooping the Colour ceremony, teenager Marcus Sarjeant fired six blank shots in an attempted attack on Queen Elizabeth II.
On June 13, 1981, the annual Trooping the Colour parade marked Queen Elizabeth II's official birthday celebrations in London.
As the royal procession passed by, 17-year-old Marcus Sarjeant discharged six blank rounds from a starting pistol in her direction.
Sarjeant aimed to emulate previous assassination attempts on British monarchs, though no real bullets were used.
Troops swiftly subdued and arrested him, and the Queen remained unharmed.
Sarjeant was later convicted of treason felony and sentenced to five years in prison.
The incident prompted a review of security measures at royal events.
Despite the scare, the ceremony has continued as a cherished British tradition.
1981
Trooping the Colour
Marcus Sarjeant
Elizabeth II
1982day.year
Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.
On June 13, 1982, Prince Fahd ascended to the throne as King of Saudi Arabia following the death of his brother, King Khalid.
On June 13, 1982, Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Fahd bin Abdulaziz assumed the throne after the death of his brother, King Khalid.
Fahd's accession marked a transition to a leader known for consolidating power and initiating administrative reforms.
During his reign, King Fahd oversaw the rapid modernization of the kingdom's infrastructure and oil industry.
He played a pivotal role in regional politics, including supporting coalition forces during the 1991 Gulf War.
Fahd also launched the King Fahd Causeway linking Saudi Arabia with Bahrain, symbolizing Gulf cooperation.
His tenure was characterized by balancing conservative religious values with economic development.
King Fahd remained monarch until his death in 2005, leaving a lasting impact on Saudi Arabia's global standing.
1982
Fahd
King of Saudi Arabia
Khalid
1990day.year
First day of the June 1990 Mineriad in Romania. At least 240 strikers and students are arrested or killed in the chaos ensuing from the first post-Ceaușescu elections.
Violent clashes erupted on the first day of the June 1990 Mineriad in Romania, leading to mass arrests and deaths amid post-revolution turmoil.
In the wake of Romania's first free elections after Ceaușescu's fall, tensions soared between miners, protesters, and authorities.\nOn June 13, 1990, over 240 activists, students, and strikers were arrested or killed during violent crackdowns.\nKnown as the June Mineriads, these events saw miners brought to Bucharest to suppress dissent.\nThe riots highlighted deep social divisions and the fragility of Romania's nascent democracy.\nInternational observers condemned the government's heavy-handed response.\nThe Mineriads remain a controversial chapter in Romania's post-communist transition.
1990
June 1990 Mineriad
Ceaușescu
1996day.year
The Montana Freemen surrender after an 81-day standoff with FBI agents.
The Montana Freemen, a radical militia, ended an 81-day confrontation with federal agents by surrendering to the FBI.
The standoff began when the Montana Freemen occupied government land and clashed with authorities over tax disputes.\nAfter seizing local courthouses and issuing their own currency, the group faced an FBI siege.\nOn June 13, 1996, the Freemen surrendered peacefully, ending the longest FBI siege since the 1993 Waco incident.\nNo lives were lost during the final surrender, though tensions had risen dangerously during the stand-off.\nLeaders and members were later prosecuted for charges including conspiracy and bank fraud.\nThe incident underscored challenges in handling domestic extremist groups.
1996
Montana Freemen
FBI