1158day.year
The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
In 1158, Henry the Lion founded Munich on the banks of the Isar River, marking the birth of what would become Bavaria's iconic capital.
Henry the Lion of the Welf dynasty selected the Isar River site for its strategic location and potential for trade. The founding of München was recorded in a document issued on June 14, 1158, representing the city's first historic mention. In subsequent years, the settlement received market rights and defensive privileges that attracted merchants and settlers. Under the Wittelsbach dynasty, Munich expanded into a thriving commercial and political center. By the early modern period, it had grown into the capital of Bavaria, renowned for its architecture, culture, and festivals. Modern Munich still celebrates its medieval origins through traditions like Oktoberfest and the preservation of Gothic landmarks.
1158
Munich
Henry the Lion
Isar
1276day.year
While in exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong.
In 1276, exiled from the Mongol advance, the remaining Song dynasty court in Fuzhou held the coronation of Emperor Duanzong, sustaining imperial authority in southern China.
In the face of the Mongol onslaught sweeping through northern China, the Song dynasty court retreated to Fuzhou in the south. There, on June 14, 1276, officials performed a coronation ceremony for Zhao Shi, who became Emperor Duanzong. This act preserved the imperial lineage and asserted Song sovereignty even as northern territories fell. From their southern stronghold, the court coordinated naval expeditions to defend remaining provinces. Duanzong’s reign was characterized by efforts to stabilize government finances and rally loyalist support. His tenure would last only a few years before the Mongol conquest of the Southern Song in 1279.
1276
Fuzhou
Mongol invaders
Song dynasty
Emperor Duanzong
1775day.year
American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Armed Forces.
On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress established the Continental Army, laying the foundation for the United States Armed Forces.
On June 14, 1775, the Second Continental Congress authorized the creation of the Continental Army under General George Washington.
This act unified the colonial militias into a single force to fight British rule during the American Revolutionary War.
The Continental Army became the precursor to the modern United States Army, setting standards for organization and command.
By centralizing resources and leadership, Congress aimed to strengthen colonial resistance and boost morale.
The establishment of the Continental Army marked a turning point in American history and in the evolution of national defense.
1775
American Revolutionary War
Continental Army
Continental Congress
United States Armed Forces
1777day.year
The Second Continental Congress passes the Flag Act of 1777 adopting the Stars and Stripes as the Flag of the United States.
The Flag Act of 1777 was passed by the Second Continental Congress on June 14, adopting the Stars and Stripes as the official flag of the United States.
On June 14, 1777, the Second Continental Congress passed the Flag Act, specifying thirteen alternating red and white stripes and a union of thirteen white stars on a blue field.
This act standardized the banner for American forces during the Revolutionary War.
The Stars and Stripes symbolized unity and resilience among the thirteen colonies.
As new states joined the Union, the flag design evolved to include additional stars, reflecting national growth.
Today, Flag Day commemorates this milestone in American identity and heritage.
1777
Second Continental Congress
Flag Act of 1777
Stars and Stripes
Flag of the United States
1821day.year
Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, bringing the 300 year old Sudanese kingdom to an end.
On June 14, 1821, Badi VII, the king of Sennar, surrendered to Ottoman forces under Ismail Pasha, ending a 300-year-old Sudanese kingdom.
After centuries of independence, King Badi VII of the Sudanese kingdom of Sennar capitulated to Ottoman-Egyptian forces led by Ismail Pasha on June 14, 1821.
The campaign, aimed at expanding Ottoman influence in Northeast Africa, overcame Sennar's defenses along the Nile.
Badi's surrender dissolved a state founded in the early 16th century, known for its vibrant trade networks and Islamic scholarship.
The region was integrated into the Ottoman-Egyptian administration, altering the political and cultural landscape of Sudan.
This event paved the way for deeper foreign intervention and set the stage for later European colonization of the region.
1821
Badi VII
Sennar
1888day.year
The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.
The White Rajahs’ rule ends as Sarawak becomes a British protectorate under colonial administration.
On June 14, 1888, the independent kingdom ruled by the Brooke family, known as the White Rajahs of Sarawak, was placed under British protection. Britain assumed responsibility for Sarawak’s foreign affairs and defense, while the Brooke dynasty retained internal governance. This arrangement aimed to counter Dutch influence in Borneo and protect British strategic interests in the region. Sarawak maintained its unique hybrid administration until it became a full British colony after World War II. The protectorate agreement marked a significant chapter in Southeast Asian colonial history.
1888
White Rajahs
British protectorate
Sarawak
1900day.year
Hawaii becomes a United States territory.
Hawaii officially becomes a U.S. territory, extending American governance to the islands.
On June 14, 1900, the Hawaiian Islands were formally organized as a territory of the United States following their annexation in 1898. The Organic Act established a territorial government with a governor, legislature, and judiciary appointed by Washington, D.C. This change integrated Hawaii into the U.S. political system, granting residents limited representation without full congressional voting rights. Under American administration, the territory’s economy, particularly sugar and pineapple industries, expanded rapidly. Hawaii retained territorial status until achieving U.S. statehood in 1959, deeply reshaping its cultural and political landscape.
1900
Hawaii
United States territory
1900day.year
The second German Naval Law calls for the Imperial German Navy to be doubled in size, resulting in an Anglo-German naval arms race.
Germany passes the Second Naval Law, doubling its fleet and igniting an Anglo-German naval arms race.
On June 14, 1900, the German Reichstag approved the Second Naval Law at the urging of Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, mandating the expansion of the Imperial Navy to 38 battleships and 20 large cruisers. This ambitious growth aimed to challenge British naval supremacy and assert Germany’s influence on the world stage. The law sparked a fierce maritime competition with Britain, straining diplomatic relations and fueling nationalistic fervor. Public opinion in both nations saw naval strength as a measure of global prestige. The naval arms race set the scene for strategic tensions that would later influence the outbreak of World War I.
German Naval Law
Imperial German Navy
Anglo-German naval arms race
1926day.year
Brazil leaves the League of Nations.
Brazil withdraws from the League of Nations, signaling dissatisfaction with the international body.
On June 14, 1926, Brazil formally announced its departure from the League of Nations in protest of the organization’s perceived ineffectiveness in resolving global disputes. The decision reflected broader discontent among smaller member states over their limited influence within the League’s decision-making structure. Brazil’s withdrawal underscored the challenges facing the post-World War I international order and foreshadowed the League’s struggles to maintain peace. The country would later rejoin in 1935, but the episode highlighted early criticism of collective security mechanisms. This event remains a notable moment in the history of international diplomacy during the interwar period.
1926
Brazil
League of Nations
1934day.year
The landmark Australian Eastern Mission returns from its three-month tour of East and South-East Asia.
The Australian Eastern Mission concluded its three-month expedition across East and Southeast Asia in 1934, marking one of Australia's first major diplomatic and trade outreach efforts.
In 1934, the Australian Eastern Mission embarked on a three-month expedition across East and Southeast Asia.
The delegation visited major cities and ports in Japan, China, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies.
Their goal was to explore trade opportunities, cultural exchange, and regional security.
Upon returning, mission leaders delivered comprehensive reports that shaped Australia's foreign policy.
This landmark tour marked Australia's first major engagement with its Asian neighbors.
Its findings laid the groundwork for future diplomatic and economic relations in the region.
1934
Australian Eastern Mission
1937day.year
Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
In 1937, Pennsylvania became the first and only U.S. state to officially observe Flag Day as a state holiday.
On June 14, 1937, the Pennsylvania General Assembly designated Flag Day as an official state holiday.
The legislation commemorated the adoption of the U.S. flag by the Second Continental Congress in 1777.
Pennsylvania remains the only state to grant Flag Day full state holiday status.
Celebrations include parades, flag-raising ceremonies, and educational events in schools.
The holiday underscores Pennsylvania's deep historical ties to the founding of the United States.
Flag Day has become an annual opportunity to honor American heritage and patriotism across the state.
1937
Pennsylvania
Flag Day
state holiday
1937day.year
U.S. House of Representatives passes the Marihuana Tax Act.
The U.S. House of Representatives passed the Marihuana Tax Act in 1937, imposing strict federal regulations on cannabis.
On June 14, 1937, the U.S. House passed the Marihuana Tax Act by a wide margin.
The law imposed heavy taxes and regulatory requirements on the sale and possession of cannabis products.
Although framed as a tax measure, it effectively criminalized most uses of marijuana across the country.
The act paved the way for subsequent prohibition policies and shaped U.S. drug enforcement for decades.
Critics later argued that the law was influenced by racial and political motivations rather than scientific evidence.
The Marihuana Tax Act remained the primary federal cannabis regulation until its repeal in 1970.
Marihuana Tax Act