1216day.year
First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom.
In 1216, amid the First Barons' War, Prince Louis of France captured the abandoned city of Winchester, gaining control over a large part of England.
In 1216, rebel English barons disillusioned with King John's rule invited Prince Louis of France to press their grievances. On June 14, Louis marched into Winchester, finding the royal forces evacuated and the city undefended. This victory allowed him to establish a foothold in southern England and win the allegiance of many discontented nobles. Within weeks, French-led forces controlled over half of the kingdom’s key towns and forts. The occupation of Winchester highlighted the weakness of King John’s authority after the sealing of the Magna Carta. Although Louis ultimately failed to secure the English crown, these events demonstrated the barons’ willingness to challenge monarchy through foreign intervention.
1216
First Barons' War
Louis of France
Winchester
John, King of England
kingdom
1285day.year
Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.
During the Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam in 1285, Vietnamese forces under Prince Trần Quang Khải annihilated the Mongol fleet at Chuong Duong, securing their homeland.
In 1285, Kublai Khan's Yuan forces launched a second campaign to conquer Đại Việt under the Trần dynasty. Vietnamese Prince Trần Quang Khải chose to engage the invaders at Chuong Duong, a strategic riverine location. On June 14, local forces executed ambush tactics that annihilated the Mongol fleet on the Red River. The dramatic victory halted the invasion and safeguarded the kingdom's independence. It showcased the effectiveness of guerrilla-style river warfare against a numerically superior foe. The triumph at Chuong Duong remains a celebrated symbol of Vietnamese resistance and military acumen.
1285
Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam
Trần Quang Khải
Trần dynasty
Mongol
1287day.year
Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.
In 1287, Kublai Khan crushed a rebellion led by Prince Nayan in East Mongolia and Manchuria, consolidating his authority over the Mongol Empire.
In 1287, Prince Nayan, a member of the Borjigin clan, rebelled against his cousin Kublai Khan's authority in East Mongolia and Manchuria. On June 14, imperial forces loyal to Kublai engaged the rebels in a decisive battle. Employing superior tactics and siege weaponry, Kublai’s army crushed Nayan’s forces and eliminated the threat. The defeat reinforced the Great Khan’s dominance and dissuaded other aristocrats from uprising. This event underscored the challenges of maintaining unity across the vast Mongol Empire. Kublai’s victory solidified his transition from traditional Mongol leader to a centralized imperial ruler.
1287
Kublai Khan
Borjigin
Mongolia
Manchuria
1381day.year
Richard II of England meets leaders of the Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
On June 14, 1381, during the Peasants' Revolt, King Richard II met the rebels at Mile End as insurgents stormed the Tower of London without resistance.
On June 14, 1381, the Peasants' Revolt reached its peak as insurgents entered London and confronted the young King Richard II at Mile End. Spurred by high taxes and social grievances, tens of thousands of peasants and artisans marched from rural counties to the capital. At Mile End, Richard II personally negotiated with rebel leaders, granting concessions that had never been offered by his predecessors. Meanwhile, rebels without resistance occupied the Tower of London, seizing arms and liberating prisoners. This dramatic breach exposed the vulnerability of royal strongholds and the rising political voice of commoners. Although the promises made would later be reversed, the events of that day marked a turning point in medieval English society.
1381
Richard II of England
Peasants' Revolt
Mile End
Tower of London
1404day.year
Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England.
In 1404, Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, forged an alliance with France against King Henry IV of England.
By 1404, Owain Glyndŵr had established himself as a formidable leader of the Welsh uprising against English rule. On June 14, he secured a critical alliance with King Charles VI of France, formalizing support for the Welsh cause. The treaty provided Glyndŵr with French troops, supplies, and recognition of his title as Prince of Wales. This diplomatic achievement elevated the conflict from a regional revolt to an international struggle. Glyndŵr convened his own parliament and issued laws, modeling his movement as a sovereign state. Although the alliance would not ultimately ensure victory, it intensified pressure on King Henry IV and inspired future generations of Welsh patriots.
1404
Owain Glyndŵr
Prince of Wales
Henry IV of England
1645day.year
English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by fifteen thousand Parliamentarian soldiers.
On June 14, 1645, Parliamentarian forces decisively defeated the Royalists at the Battle of Naseby during the English Civil War.
The Battle of Naseby, fought on June 14, 1645, proved the turning point of the English Civil War. General Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell led approximately 15,000 Parliamentarian troops against 12,000 Royalist soldiers under King Charles I’s commanders. Superior discipline and coordinated infantry and cavalry charges enabled the Roundheads to rout the Royalist army. The victory resulted in the capture of the King’s personal correspondence, exposing his alliances with foreign powers. This blow shattered Royalist momentum and undermined Charles I’s credibility. In the aftermath, Parliament gained the strategic initiative that would eventually lead to the monarchy’s temporary overthrow.
1645
English Civil War
Battle of Naseby
Royalist
Parliamentarian
1658day.year
Franco-Spanish War: Turenne and the French army win a decisive victory over the Spanish at the battle of the Dunes.
In 1658, Marshal Turenne led the French to a decisive victory over Spain at the Battle of the Dunes during the Franco-Spanish War.
On June 14, 1658, the Battle of the Dunes unfolded near Dunkirk as part of the Franco-Spanish War. Marshal Turenne commanded French forces, supported by English troops under Oliver Cromwell’s alliance. They launched a coordinated assault against fortified Spanish positions on the coastal dunes. The combined army’s superior tactics and naval bombardment overwhelmed the defenders. The triumph forced Spain to negotiate and led to the capture of Dunkirk by France. This engagement showcased the evolving nature of coalition warfare and cemented Turenne’s reputation as one of Europe’s greatest military strategists.
1658
Franco-Spanish War
Turenne
battle of the Dunes
1690day.year
King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.
In 1690, William III of England (William of Orange) landed in Ireland to challenge the deposed King James II, marking a decisive moment in the Williamite War in Ireland.
On June 14, 1690, King William III of England landed at Carrickfergus, Ireland, to confront the deposed King James II.
The landing marked the opening of the Williamite War in Ireland, part of the wider struggle following the Glorious Revolution.
William's forces aimed to secure Protestant rule over Ireland and to strengthen his claim to the English throne.
Despite difficult weather and supply shortages, the Orange forces quickly established a foothold on Irish soil.
This campaign set the stage for the Battle of the Boyne in July, a pivotal clash that determined Ireland's political and religious future.
1690
William III of England
King James II
1775day.year
American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Armed Forces.
On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress established the Continental Army, laying the foundation for the United States Armed Forces.
On June 14, 1775, the Second Continental Congress authorized the creation of the Continental Army under General George Washington.
This act unified the colonial militias into a single force to fight British rule during the American Revolutionary War.
The Continental Army became the precursor to the modern United States Army, setting standards for organization and command.
By centralizing resources and leadership, Congress aimed to strengthen colonial resistance and boost morale.
The establishment of the Continental Army marked a turning point in American history and in the evolution of national defense.
1775
American Revolutionary War
Continental Army
Continental Congress
United States Armed Forces
1789day.year
Mutiny on the Bounty: HMS Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,600 mi) journey in an open boat.
After the HMS Bounty mutiny, Captain William Bligh and eighteen loyal crew members reached Timor following an extraordinary open-boat voyage on June 14, 1789.
After the mutineers seized control of HMS Bounty on April 28, 1789, Captain William Bligh and 18 loyal men were set adrift in a small launch.
Over 47 days and nearly 4,600 miles, they navigated the Pacific using limited supplies and Bligh's navigation expertise.
On June 14, 1789, the exhausted survivors arrived at the Dutch outpost on Timor, completing one of history's most remarkable maritime survival stories.
Bligh's leadership under dire conditions earned him acclaim, even as the mutiny remained one of the Royal Navy's most notorious incidents.
The saga inspired countless books and films, highlighting themes of endurance, leadership, and exploration.
1789
Mutiny on the Bounty
HMS Bounty
William Bligh
Timor
1800day.year
The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.
On June 14, 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces achieved a decisive victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo, securing French control of Northern Italy.
On June 14, 1800, First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte led the French Army in a pivotal battle against Austrian forces near Marengo in Northern Italy.
Despite an early Austrian advantage, a timely French counterattack under General Desaix turned the tide.
This victory cemented Napoleon's authority in France and reinforced French dominance on the Italian peninsula.
The success at Marengo showcased Napoleon's strategic brilliance and bolstered his political standing back home.
The subsequent Treaty of Lunéville confirmed French gains, reshaping the balance of power in Europe.
1800
First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte
Battle of Marengo
1807day.year
Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
On June 14, 1807, Napoleon's Grande Armée routed the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland, effectively ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
On June 14, 1807, Napoleon's Grande Armée confronted Russian forces near Friedland in present-day Kaliningrad Oblast.
Employing concentrated artillery and infantry attacks, the French overwhelmed the Russian defenses.
The decisive French victory compelled Tsar Alexander I to negotiate peace, resulting in the Treaty of Tilsit.
The treaties forged after Friedland realigned European alliances and isolated Britain diplomatically.
This battle underscored Napoleon's military prowess and his ability to shape continental politics through warfare.
1807
Napoleon
Grande Armée
Russian
Battle of Friedland
Kaliningrad Oblast
War of the Fourth Coalition