June 20

Born in Stockholm in 1755, Axel von Fersen entered the Swedish army and quickly rose through the ranks. Sent to France as an envoy, he became a close confidant and rumored lover of Queen Marie Antoinette. Fersen played a pivotal role in organizing the Flight to Varennes in 1791, an attempt to help the royal family flee revolutionary Paris. After returning to Sweden, he served in various military and political positions, including diplomatic missions to Russia. His influence at court and dramatic life story made him a controversial figure. Fersen met a tragic end in 1810 when he was killed by a mob in Stockholm, and his death remains a subject of historical intrigue.

Born in Beaurieux, France, in 1766, Duhesme joined the Revolutionary army in 1792 and distinguished himself in Italy at the Siege of Mantua. Promoted to general of brigade by 1799, he fought in several engagements during the Italian campaigns. Under Napoleon, he led a division in the Peninsular War, defending Madrid against Spanish insurgents in 1808. Duhesme was recognized for his tactical skill and steadfast defense of key positions. He continued to serve through the Napoleonic Wars, participating in battles across Europe. Wounded at the Battle of Toulouse, he died in 1815, leaving a record of dedicated military service.

Born in Buenos Aires in 1770, Manuel Belgrano studied law and economics in Spain before returning to South America. As an early advocate for independence, he drafted economic reforms and championed education for the colony. In 1812, he raised the blue and white flag that became Argentina's national emblem. Belgrano achieved major victories at the Battles of Tucumán and Salta, demonstrating his skill as a military commander. He also served in political office, working to establish stable governance after the revolution. Belgrano died in 1820 and was later declared a national hero, his legacy honored in monuments and holidays across Argentina.

Born in 1782 in Buenos Aires, Juan Larrea began his career as a naval captain during the Argentine War of Independence. He participated in maritime campaigns that secured the Río de la Plata region from Spanish control. After his military service, Larrea entered politics and held various local government positions, advocating for economic and naval reforms. He supported the establishment of republican institutions and worked to strengthen Argentina's naval capabilities. In his later years, Larrea focused on developing port infrastructure and promoting trade in Buenos Aires. Larrea died in 1847, remembered for his contributions to both Argentina's military and political foundations.

Born in 1835 in Musashi Province, Hijikata trained in kenjutsu and rose quickly through the ranks of the Shinsengumi. As vice-commander under Kondō Isami, he enforced strict regulations and drilled his men with fearsome discipline, earning a reputation for severity. Hijikata fought in key engagements during the Boshin War, defending Kyoto against imperial forces and retreating to Hokkaido to establish the Republic of Ezo. His unwavering loyalty to the Tokugawa shogunate made him a symbol of samurai resistance. In May 1869, he was killed in the final battle at Hakodate, marking the end of the samurai era. His legacy endures in Japanese literature, film, and popular culture as one of the last true samurai leaders.

Born in 1804, Forey graduated from Saint-Cyr and saw action in Algeria and the Crimean War. In 1862, he was appointed commander of the French expeditionary force sent to Mexico, capturing Puebla and sieging key cities. His balanced use of military force and diplomacy helped establish the Second Mexican Empire. After returning to France, he served as a senior commander and advisor on military reforms. Forey’s leadership during France’s period of expansion left a lasting mark on military history before his death in 1872.