June 20

Born in 1830 in Nancy, Jules de Goncourt collaborated with his brother Edmond to produce novels, plays, and art criticism that laid the groundwork for the naturalist movement. Their novel Germinie Lacerteux (1865) offered an unflinching look at the darker aspects of society and influenced authors like Émile Zola. Jules was also a pioneering diarist; after Edmond's death in 1870, he published the first volumes of their private journals, revealing vivid portraits of Parisian literary life. Before his own death later that year, Jules bequeathed his estate to establish the Académie Goncourt, which continues to award one of France's most prestigious literary prizes. His works remain significant for their realism, social commentary, and detailed observations of 19th-century artistic circles.

Born in Portland, Maine in 1793, Neal was a prolific author, editor, and lecturer who argued for a distinct American literary voice. He wrote novels such as “Rachel Dyer” and was among the first critics to promote literary nationalism. A passionate activist, he spoke out for women’s rights, prison reform, and the abolition of slavery. Neal edited several influential periodicals, shaping public discourse in the antebellum era. His bold style and reformist zeal made him a controversial yet pivotal figure in 19th century American letters.

Born in Stuttgart in 1878, Frank wrote novels, poetry, and plays that explored historical and psychological themes. Facing persecution under the Nazi regime, he emigrated to the United States in 1938. In Hollywood, he contributed to screenwriting for major studios while continuing to publish fiction and drama. His literary style blended poetic imagery with moral complexity, earning him acclaim in Europe and America. Frank’s versatility spanned journalism, poetry, and film before his death in 1945.

Bishnu Prasad Rabha was a pioneering Indian artist, musician, and political activist from Assam. Born in 1909, he earned the title 'Kala Guru' for his mastery across painting, dance, theater, and music. Rabha composed revolutionary songs and established cultural organizations advocating for social justice and Assam's artistic heritage. He acted in early Assamese films and wrote poetry that resonated with both rural communities and intellectual circles. As a committed socialist, he played a key role in the region's political movements before India's independence. Rabha's multidisciplinary legacy continues to influence Assam's cultural and political identity.

Cahit Külebi was born in 1917 in Tokat, Turkey, and studied law at Istanbul University before pursuing a literary career. He published his first poetry collection in the 1940s, drawing on Anatolian folk traditions and everyday life for his lyrical style. Over decades, Külebi released numerous volumes of poetry and prose that explored themes of love, nostalgia, and social justice. He served in cultural institutions and foreign posts, promoting Turkish literature abroad. His works earned him several national literary awards and enduring popularity among readers. Külebi's poetry is celebrated for its emotional resonance, clarity, and reflection of Turkey's cultural heritage.

Clifton Fadiman was born in 1902 in Brooklyn and graduated from Columbia University. He edited books at Simon & Schuster and contributed literary criticism to The New Yorker. In 1938, he became the host of the radio quiz show Information Please, which became a national hit. Fadiman later transitioned the program to television and remained a popular game show personality through the 1950s. Beyond broadcasting, he authored essays, anthologies, and children's stories that showcased his wit and erudition. Fadiman's ability to make literature accessible earned him a broad following. He passed away in 1999, remembered as a pioneer who bridged the gap between high culture and mass media.

Larry Collins was born in 1929 and began his career as a reporter for Collier's and The Washington Post. In the 1960s, he partnered with French writer Dominique Lapierre to co-author bestsellers such as Is Paris Burning? and O Jerusalem!. These works combined rigorous research with novelistic storytelling to illuminate pivotal moments in history. Their collaborations sold millions of copies worldwide and were adapted into acclaimed films. Collins also wrote solo histories and biographies, demonstrating versatility across subjects. His lively prose and meticulous scholarship earned him critical acclaim. He passed away in 2005, leaving an enduring legacy in narrative history.

Andrew Sarris was an influential American film critic and professor, best known for championing the auteur theory in the United States. Born in 1928, he wrote for The Village Voice and authored 'The American Cinema,' which reshaped critical discourse on directors as the primary creative force. His annual director rankings sparked debate and inspired generations of critics and filmmakers. Sarris taught at Columbia University and appeared on television discussing film history and analysis. He passed away on June 20, 2012, at age 83, leaving a lasting impact on film criticism.