1098day.year
Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
Crusader forces defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at Antioch, securing a pivotal victory in the First Crusade.
In the spring of 1098, the Crusader army endured a month-long siege at Antioch.
On June 28, they confronted Kerbogha’s relieving forces in a decisive engagement.
Led by Bohemond of Taranto, the Crusaders executed a daring sortie that shattered the Muslim army’s ranks.
Kerbogha’s troops were thrown into disarray, securing a crucial victory for the Crusaders.
This success opened the road to Jerusalem and bolstered Crusader morale.
Historians mark the Battle of Antioch as a turning point in the First Crusade.
1098
First Crusade
Kerbogha of Mosul
battle of Antioch
1360day.year
Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
Muhammed VI ascends to the throne of Granada after the assassination of his brother-in-law Ismail II.
In 1360, a dynastic struggle erupted in the Nasrid kingdom of Granada.
Muhammed VI orchestrated the assassination of his brother-in-law, Sultan Ismail II, to claim the throne.
After eliminating his rival, he assumed power as the tenth Nasrid king amid political turmoil.
His ascension intensified factional conflict and drew attention from Christian kingdoms to the north.
Despite internal unrest, he sought to strengthen Granada’s defenses and administration.
His reign foreshadowed the final decades of the Nasrid dynasty leading to the fall of Granada in 1492.
1360
Muhammed VI
Nasrid
Granada
Ismail II
1461day.year
Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England.
Edward, Earl of March, is crowned as King Edward IV, inaugurating Yorkist rule in England.
On June 28, 1461, Edward of York was crowned King Edward IV at Westminster Abbey.
His ascent followed the Yorkist victory at the Battle of Towton during the Wars of the Roses.
As Earl of March, Edward had secured the crown through force and political maneuvering.
His reign focused on restoring stability to England after years of civil war.
Edward IV implemented administrative reforms and fostered trade and commerce.
His rule laid the groundwork for a more consolidated monarchy and future Tudor claims.
1461
Edward IV of England
1495day.year
A French force heavily defeats a much larger Neapolitan and Spanish army at the battle of Seminara, leading to the creation of the Tercios by Gonzalo de Córdoba.
A smaller French force routs Neapolitan and Spanish troops at the Battle of Seminara, inspiring the creation of the Tercios.
In 1495, during the Italian Wars, Gonzalo de Córdoba led a French force against a larger Neapolitan-Spanish army at Seminara.
Despite being outnumbered, the French employed aggressive cavalry charges and tight formations.
The rout of enemy forces prompted a reevaluation of infantry tactics in Europe.
Inspired by this engagement, Córdoba developed the celebrated Tercios infantry units.
These disciplined formations would dominate European battlefields for the next century.
Gonzalo de Córdoba earned renown as 'El Gran Capitán' for his military innovations.
1495
battle of Seminara
Tercios
Gonzalo de Córdoba
1519day.year
Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles V is elected Holy Roman Emperor, beginning his rule over a vast European realm.
In 1519, Charles I of Spain secured election as Holy Roman Emperor, taking the title Charles V.
At just 19 years old, he overcame rival candidates including Francis I of France.
His vast Habsburg inheritance spanned Spain, Austria, and territories in the Americas.
As Emperor, he faced the rising challenge of the Protestant Reformation.
Charles V’s reign united diverse European realms under Habsburg leadership.
He left a lasting legacy on European politics and imperial governance.
1519
Charles V
Holy Roman Empire
1575day.year
Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.
Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu achieve a landmark victory at Nagashino, showcasing gunpowder warfare.
On June 28, 1575, the armies of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu met Takeda Katsuyori’s forces at Nagashino.
They pioneered rotating volleys of arquebusiers behind wooden palisades to counter cavalry charges.
This tactic decimated the famed Takeda cavalry and showcased the effectiveness of firearms.
The victory solidified Oda and Tokugawa’s dominance during the Sengoku period.
Nagashino marked a turning point in Japan’s military evolution toward gunpowder warfare.
It paved the way for the eventual unification of Japan.
1575
Sengoku period
Oda Nobunaga
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Battle of Nagashino
1635day.year
Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
France declares Guadeloupe a colony, establishing its foothold in the Caribbean.
On June 28, 1635, France formally declared Guadeloupe a colony in the Caribbean.
Colonists led by the Compagnie des Îles d'Amérique established sugarcane plantations and Fort Saint-Pierre.
The island became a key source of sugar, fueled by the labor of enslaved Africans.
Guadeloupe’s colonization reflected European mercantilist ambitions in the New World.
Its economy shaped transatlantic trade routes and colonial rivalries for decades.
Today, Guadeloupe remains an overseas region of France, rich in cultural fusion.
1635
Guadeloupe
1651day.year
The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
The Battle of Berestechko begins, one of the largest 17th-century clashes between Poland and Cossack forces.
On June 28, 1651, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Cossack-Tatar forces clashed at Berestechko.
Part of the larger Khmelnytsky Uprising, it involved tens of thousands of troops on both sides.
Initial Cossack resistance held firm, but coordinated Polish cavalry charges turned the tide.
The battle ranks among the largest engagements of 17th-century Europe.
Its outcome influenced subsequent treaties and the region’s balance of power.
Berestechko exemplifies the political and religious upheavals in Eastern Europe.
1651
Battle of Berestechko
Poland
Ukraine
1745day.year
A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
New England forces capture the French fortress at Louisbourg, striking a blow against French power in North America.
In June 1745, during King George’s War, New England colonial forces laid siege to the fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.
Led by William Pepperrell and supported by the Royal Navy, they endured a harsh 47-day siege.
The French garrison surrendered, handing control of a key Atlantic stronghold to the colonists.
This victory boosted colonial morale and highlighted colonial military capabilities.
Although returned to France by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, its capture influenced later conflicts.
The siege of Louisbourg remains a celebrated achievement in early American history.
1745
New England
Louisbourg
New Style
1776day.year
American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.
American forces repel a British naval assault at Sullivan’s Island, securing a crucial Revolutionary War victory.
On June 28, 1776, American defenders under Colonel William Moultrie repelled a British naval assault at Sullivan’s Island.
They fortified a palmetto-log fort, later named Fort Moultrie, which absorbed British cannon fire.
The British fleet’s guns failed to breach the soft walls, forcing a retreat.
This victory thwarted British plans to capture Charleston and bolstered Patriot morale.
June 28 is still celebrated as Carolina Day in South Carolina.
The Battle of Sullivan’s Island marked a significant early triumph in the American Revolutionary War.
1776
American Revolutionary War
Battle of Sullivan's Island
Carolina Day
1776day.year
American Revolutionary War: Thomas Hickey, Continental Army private and bodyguard to General George Washington, is hanged for mutiny and sedition.
On June 28, 1776, Private Thomas Hickey - George Washington's bodyguard in the Continental Army - was hanged for mutiny and sedition.
Thomas Hickey was a Continental Army private assigned to protect General George Washington during the early days of the American Revolutionary War. Accused of conspiring to undermine military authority and plotting against Washington, he was arrested and subjected to a military trial. The charges of mutiny and sedition led to his conviction, making him one of the first soldiers executed by the Continental Army. His hanging served as a stern warning against insubordination amid the fragile revolutionary forces. The incident underscored the challenges of maintaining discipline within the new army and set a precedent for military justice during the war.
Thomas Hickey
Continental Army
George Washington
mutiny
sedition
1778day.year
American Revolutionary War: The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness.
The Battle of Monmouth Courthouse on June 28, 1778, ended in a tactical stalemate but forced the British to withdraw under cover of darkness.
Fought amid extreme heat and dusty conditions, the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse saw American Continental forces clashing with British troops in New Jersey. Under the command of General George Washington, the Americans demonstrated improved discipline following training at Valley Forge. Despite heavy casualties on both sides, neither army secured a decisive victory. As evening fell, the British retreated toward New York under cover of night, allowing the Americans to claim strategic success. The engagement marked one of the largest battles of the Revolutionary War and highlighted the growing effectiveness of the Continental Army.
1778
American Continentals
Battle of Monmouth Courthouse