1931day.year
United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).
United Airlines began operations (as Boeing Air Transport) on July 1, 1931, launching passenger and mail service across key US routes.
On July 1, 1931, Boeing Air Transport began operations, marking the founding of what would become United Airlines. The new carrier launched passenger and mail flights along key routes in the western United States. Utilizing Boeing 80A tri-motor aircraft, early services connected cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Over the next decade, the company expanded its fleet and network, pioneering advancements in airline operations and customer comfort. In 1933, it merged with other carriers to form United Air Lines, solidifying its place in commercial aviation history. This launch contributed to the rapid growth of air travel as a mainstream mode of transportation.
1931
United Airlines
1948day.year
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan's central bank, the State Bank of Pakistan.
On July 1, 1948, Muhammad Ali Jinnah inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan as the nation's central bank.
On July 1, 1948, Muhammad Ali Jinnah formally inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan as the newly independent country's central bank. Established following partition in 1947, the bank was charged with issuing currency and regulating monetary policy. It began operations with limited resources but swiftly set up banking regulations and monetary controls. The central bank supported Pakistan's economic stability and growth through significant post-partition challenges. It introduced the Pakistani rupee and managed foreign reserves to facilitate trade. Over the decades, the State Bank of Pakistan has become a pivotal institution guiding national economic strategy.
1948
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
central bank
State Bank of Pakistan
1990day.year
German reunification: East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
East Germany adopts the Deutsche Mark, merging the monetary systems of East and West Germany as part of reunification.
On July 1, 1990, the German Democratic Republic officially replaced the Ostmark with the Deutsche Mark at par value, a critical step toward reunification. This monetary union instantly linked the two German economies, facilitating trade, investment, and financial integration. Citizens in the East experienced a sudden rise in purchasing power and access to Western goods. However, businesses in the East struggled to compete with more advanced Western companies. The move required extensive coordination between the Bundesbank and East German financial institutions to ensure stability. Politically, the currency swap symbolized the end of decades of division and the beginning of a unified Germany. Economists continue to study the impacts of this rapid transition, which remains one of the most significant monetary reforms in modern history.
1990
German reunification
East Germany
Deutsche Mark
2020day.year
The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement replaces NAFTA.
On July 1, 2020, the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) came into force, modernizing and replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement.
On July 1, 2020, the USMCA took effect, updating NAFTA's provisions on digital trade, intellectual property, and environmental standards.
New rules for automotive content and labor protections aimed to boost manufacturing and wages in North America.
Member countries implemented stronger dispute resolution mechanisms to address trade conflicts more efficiently.
Analysts projected the agreement would enhance regional supply chains and increase agricultural exports.
USMCA signaled a new era of trilateral economic cooperation in the 21st century.
2020
United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement