July 06
Overview
Holidays & Observances
The first day of theFestival of San Fermín, which lasts until July 14. (Pamplona)
Marks the opening day of Pamplona’s legendary San Fermín festival with music, fireworks, and the famous running of the bulls.
Christianfeast day:
Maria Goretti, Romulus of Fiesole, July 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Observes the feast days of Saint Maria Goretti and Saint Romulus of Fiesole in Christian traditions.
Constitution Day(Cayman Islands)
Celebrates the adoption of the Cayman Islands’ constitution, marking its path to self-governance.
Day of the Capital(Kazakhstan)
Honors the founding and growth of Kazakhstan’s capital city, Astana.
Independence Day (Comoros), celebrates the independence of theComorosfrom France in 1975.
Marks Comoros’ independence from France in 1975, celebrating national sovereignty.
Independence Day (Malawi), celebrates the independence ofMalawifrom United Kingdom in 1964.
Celebrates Malawi’s independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 with national festivities.
International Kissing Day(informally observed)
A playful international observance celebrating kisses as expressions of love and friendship.
Jan Hus Day(Czech Republic)
Honors Jan Hus, the Czech reformer and martyr, with memorial services and cultural events.
Kupala Night(Poland,Russia,BelarusandUkraine)
A traditional Slavic midsummer festival featuring bonfires, water rituals, and folk customs.
Events
The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
In 371 BC, Thebes defeated Sparta at Leuctra, shattering Sparta’s legendary military invincibility.
Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt).
In 640, Arab forces under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeated the Byzantines near Heliopolis, accelerating the Islamic conquest of Egypt.
Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania.
In 1253, Mindaugas was crowned as the first King of Lithuania, uniting the Baltic tribes under his rule.
Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death.
In 1348, Pope Clement VI issued a papal bull defending Jews from accusations of causing the Black Death, challenging widespread persecution.
Ming China's Admiral Zheng He returns to Nanjing after the third treasure voyage and presents the Sinhalese king, captured during the Ming–Kotte War, to the Yongle Emperor.
In 1411, Admiral Zheng He returned to Nanjing after his third treasure voyage, presenting the captured Sinhalese king to the Yongle Emperor.
Jan Hus is condemned by the assembly of the council in the Konstanz Cathedral as a heretic and sentenced to be burned at the stake.
In 1415, Czech reformer Jan Hus was condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constance and sentenced to be burned at the stake.
A temporary compromise between the rebellious Transylvanian peasants and the noblemen is signed in Kolozsmonostor Abbey.
In 1438, a temporary compromise was signed between rebellious Transylvanian peasants and noblemen at Kolozsmonostor Abbey.
Richard III and Anne Neville are crowned King and Queen of England.
In 1483, Richard III and Anne Neville were crowned King and Queen of England at Westminster Abbey.
Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
In 1484, Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão discovered the mouth of the Congo River during his exploration of Africa's west coast.
Births
Queen Blanche I was queen regnant of Navarre from 1425 to 1441, renowned for her governance and cultural patronage.
Antonio Manetti
Antonio Manetti was a Renaissance mathematician and architect known for his contributions to geometry and Florentine architecture.
Johann Stobäus
Johann Stobäus was a Baroque-era German composer and virtuoso lute player, celebrated for his sacred and secular music.
Jacopo Melani
Jacopo Melani was a 17th-century Italian violinist and composer noted for his operatic and instrumental works.
Nicola Francesco Haym
Nicola Francesco Haym was an Italian cellist and composer of the Baroque era, known for his operas and chamber music.
Antoine de Jussieu
Antoine de Jussieu was an 18th-century French biologist and academic celebrated for his work in botany and natural history.
Mary
Mary, Countess of Harold, was an 18th-century English aristocrat recognized for her charitable works.
Daniel Morgan
Daniel Morgan was an American military officer and politician, famed for his leadership in the Revolutionary War.
John Paul Jones
John Paul Jones was a Scottish-American naval captain, celebrated as a founding hero of the United States Navy.
Deaths
Cleombrotus I
Cleombrotus I was an Agiad king of Sparta, known for leading Spartan forces at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC.
Goar of Aquitaine
A 7th-century French bishop and hermit, venerated for his ascetic life and charitable works.
Wang Chongrong
A Chinese military governor of the late Tang dynasty, instrumental in suppressing major rebellions.
William I
Duke of Aquitaine from 893 to 918, founder of the influential Cluny Abbey and patron of monastic reform.
Genshin
A Japanese Tendai monk and scholar, author of the seminal Ojoyoshu that shaped Pure Land Buddhism.
Godelieve
An 11th-century Flemish noblewoman venerated as a saint for her piety and tragic martyrdom.
Henry II
King of England from 1154 to 1189, founder of the Plantagenet dynasty and architect of legal reform.
Odo III
Duke of Burgundy from 1192 to 1218, known for consolidating ducal authority and supporting crusading endeavors.
Alexander II
King of Scotland from 1214 to 1249, noted for territorial ambitions and legal consolidation.