July 11

On July 11, 1899, the Società Anonima Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (FIAT) was established in Turin, Italy. Founded by entrepreneur Giovanni Agnelli and partners, the company set out to design and produce vehicles suited to modern needs. Fiat's first car, the 3½ HP, showcased innovative engineering and Italian craftsmanship. Rapid expansion followed, as Fiat diversified into truck, bus, and aircraft engine production. By the early 20th century, Fiat had become a symbol of Italian industrial prowess and modernity. The company's growth fueled economic development in Turin and laid the groundwork for Italy's automotive industry. Today, Fiat remains a global brand, with a legacy rooted in its pioneering origins of 1899.

On July 11, 1950, Pakistan became a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. As a newly independent nation, Pakistan sought financial assistance and policy guidance to stabilize its economy. Membership opened access to low-interest loans and technical expertise for infrastructure and agricultural projects. This move integrated Pakistan into the global financial community and attracted foreign investment. Early programs supported development in major cities and rural regions alike. The partnership with these institutions has continued to shape Pakistan's economic policies over decades.

In July 1971, the Chilean government under President Salvador Allende finalized the nationalization of the country's largest copper mines, transferring ownership from foreign companies to the state-run corporation CODELCO. Copper represented Chile's most valuable export, funding social programs and economic development across the nation. The process began early in the year and culminated on July 11, reshaping the global copper market. This bold policy move aimed to redistribute wealth and reduce foreign influence over Chile's natural resources. Despite diplomatic tensions and legal challenges abroad, the Chilean state assumed full control of its mining assets. The nationalization had enduring impacts on Chile's economy and set a precedent for resource governance worldwide.