July 12
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul(Eastern Orthodox), Hermagoras and Fortunatus, Jason of Thessalonica(Catholic Church), John Gualbert, Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin, Nabor and Felix, Nathan Söderblom(Lutheran,Episcopal Church (USA)), Veronica, Viventiolus, July 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast day honoring various saints including Peter and Paul, Hermagoras and Fortunatus, and others.
The second day ofNaadam(Mongolia)
The second day of Mongolia’s Naadam festival featuring traditional horse racing, wrestling, and archery competitions.
The Twelfth, also known as Orangemen's Day (Northern Ireland,Scotland,Newfoundland and Labrador)
A Protestant celebration marking the Battle of the Boyne victory, observed with parades and bonfires in parts of the UK and Canada.
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul(Eastern Orthodox)
Eastern Orthodox feast celebrating the apostles Peter and Paul, marked by liturgies and icon veneration.
Hermagoras and Fortunatus
Feast day honoring early Christian martyrs Hermagoras and Fortunatus, remembered for their faith and sacrifice.
Jason of Thessalonica(Catholic Church)
Catholic feast commemorating Jason of Thessalonica, an early church missionary known for his hospitality.
John Gualbert
Feast day of Saint John Gualbert, an 11th-century reformer and founder of the Vallombrosan order.
Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin
Catholic celebration of Saints Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin, parents of St. Thérèse of Lisieux, renowned for their family devotion.
Nabor and Felix
Feast honoring Saints Nabor and Felix, early Christian martyrs venerated for their unwavering faith.
Events
The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple.
Roman forces under Titus ended a six-month siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD, breaching its walls and destroying the Second Temple.
King Constantine II of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred of Bamburgh and King Owain of the Cumbrians accepted the overlordship of King Æthelstan of England, leading to seven years of peace in the north.
In 927, four northern British rulers recognized Æthelstan of England as their overlord, ushering in seven years of peace across the region.
Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
During the Third Crusade in 1191, Philip II of France compelled Saladin’s garrison at Acre to surrender, ending a grueling two-year siege.
Pope Benedict XII issues the papal bull Fulgens sicut stella matutina to reform the Cistercian Order.
In 1335, Pope Benedict XII issued the papal bull Fulgens sicut stella matutina to reorganize and strengthen the Cistercian Order.
The Ottomans capture Euboea.
In 1470, Ottoman forces seized control of the island of Euboea, consolidating their power in the Aegean region.
Joseon Dynasty official Choe Bu returned to Korea after months of shipwrecked travel in China.
In 1488, Korean envoy Choe Bu survived shipwreck and perilous travels in China, ultimately returning home to Joseon.
Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
The 1493 publication of Hartmann Schedel’s Nuremberg Chronicle marked a landmark in early printed and illustrated books.
Lê Cung Hoàng ceded the throne to Mạc Đăng Dung, ending the Lê dynasty and starting the Mạc dynasty.
In 1527, Emperor Lê Cung Hoàng abdicated in favor of Mạc Đăng Dung, marking the fall of the Lê dynasty and rise of the Mạc dynasty in Vietnam.
King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
In 1543, King Henry VIII married his sixth and final wife, Lady Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace, sealing a union that outlasted him.
Births
Julius Caesar
Influential Roman general and statesman whose ambitions led to the rise of the Roman Empire.
Ashikaga Yoshinori
The sixth shōgun of Japan's Ashikaga shogunate during the Muromachi period.
Juan del Encina
Pioneering Spanish Renaissance poet, dramatist, and composer often called the father of Spanish drama.
Jacopo Sadoleto
Italian cardinal renowned for his humanist scholarship during the Renaissance.
Edward Manners
English nobleman who served as the 3rd Earl of Rutland during the Elizabethan era.
Henry Howard
English nobleman and politician who held the title of 6th Duke of Norfolk.
Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco
Italian Baroque violinist and composer known for his elegant chamber music.
Josiah Wedgwood
Innovative English potter and entrepreneur who founded the Wedgwood Company.
Peter Chanel
French Marist priest and missionary who became the first martyr of Oceania.
Deaths
Viventiolus
6th-century Archbishop of Lyon, known for his devout leadership in the early medieval Church.
Bertrada of Laon
Frankish queen consort, mother of Charlemagne and influential figure in the Carolingian dynasty.
Meng Chang
Last emperor of the Later Shu kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China.
Xue Juzheng
Prominent Chinese scholar-official and historian of the early Song dynasty.
John Komnenos
Byzantine general and aristocrat of the Komnenian dynasty.
Ashikaga Yoshinori
The sixth shogun of Japan's Ashikaga shogunate, known for his strong central administration.
Kyōgoku Takakazu
Japanese nobleman of the Muromachi period.
Bahlul Lodi
Founder and first ruler of the Lodi dynasty in the Delhi Sultanate.
Desiderius Erasmus
Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and one of the greatest scholars of northern Europe.