July 19
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Palace Day
Christianfeast day:
Arsenius(Catholic Church), Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht, Justa and Rufina, Kirdjun(or Abakerazum), Macrina the Younger, Sister ofSt. Basil the Great, Symmachus, July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast day commemorating multiple saints honored by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches on July 19.
Martyrs' Day(Myanmar)
Myanmar's national day honoring General Aung San and other independence martyrs assassinated in 1947.
Sandinista DayorLiberation Day(Nicaragua)
Nicaragua's celebration of the Sandinista revolution's victory and the end of the Somoza dictatorship in 1979.
Arsenius(Catholic Church)
Feast day celebrating Saint Arsenius, known for his devout asceticism and monastic scholarship.
Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
Feast day honoring Saint Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht.
Justa and Rufina
Feast day celebrating the martyrdom of Saints Justa and Rufina, patron saints of Seville's potters.
Kirdjun(or Abakerazum)
Feast day honoring Saint Kirdjun (also known as Abakerazum) in Christian tradition.
Macrina the Younger, Sister ofSt. Basil the Great
Feast day of Saint Macrina the Younger, admired for founding early Christian monasticism.
Events
The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
A catastrophic fire swept through ancient Rome in AD 64, destroying much of the city over six days.
Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.
In 484, Leontius, a Roman usurper, proclaimed himself Eastern Roman Emperor at Tarsus and was recognized by Antioch.
Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
In 711, Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Guadalete, initiating the conquest of Hispania.
Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas.
In 939, King Ramiro II of León achieved a major victory over Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III's Moorish forces at Simancas.
Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.
In 998, the Fatimids defeated a Byzantine army near Apamea during the Arab–Byzantine wars.
Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
In 1333, English forces won a crushing victory over the Scots at the Battle of Halidon Hill during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
Italian War of 1542–46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins.
In 1544, the first Siege of Boulogne commenced as part of the Italian War of 1542–46 between France and England.
The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
In 1545, the Tudor warship Mary Rose sank off Portsmouth, later becoming one of archaeology's most famous shipwreck recoveries.
The attempt to install Lady Jane Grey as Queen of England collapses after only nine days.
In 1553, Lady Jane Grey's nine-day reign as Queen of England collapsed, ending a brief bid for the throne.
Births
Muhammad al-Bukhari
Persian Islamic scholar best known for compiling Sahih al-Bukhari, one of the most authoritative hadith collections in Sunni Islam.
Baibars
Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria who repelled Crusaders and Mongols, strengthening the Mamluk Sultanate.
William VIII
Italian noble who ruled Montferrat as its Marquis during the Renaissance period.
Conrad Vorstius
Dutch theologian and professor known for his controversial views on the Trinity.
Richard Leveridge
English bass singer and composer celebrated for his contributions to baroque music and theater.
Giuseppe Castiglione
Italian Jesuit missionary and court painter who blended European and Chinese artistic styles.
Heinrich Christian Boie
German author and poet who co-founded the influential Göttinger Musenalmanach literary journal.
Marianna Auenbrugger
Austrian pianist and composer admired for her virtuosity and early promise in classical music.
Seraphim of Sarov
Russian Orthodox monk and mystic revered as a saint for his ascetic life and spiritual teachings.
Deaths
Symmachus
Pope of the Catholic Church from circa 498 until his death in 514, notable for asserting the primacy of the papacy.
Li Shigu
Chinese general of the Tang dynasty known for his leadership on the empire’s frontier defenses.
Kyunyeo
Korean Buddhist monk and poet of the Goryeo dynasty, celebrated for his contributions to court poetry.
Damian Dalassenos
Byzantine general who defended the empire's eastern frontiers in the 10th century.
Adalberon
French bishop and intellectual figure of the early 11th century.
Floris IV
Dutch nobleman and Count of Holland known for his administrative reforms.
Jacopo Tiepolo
Doge of Venice from 1229 to 1249, remembered for his diplomatic and commercial initiatives.
John Campbell
Scottish nobleman of the 14th century who participated in key battles during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
Alexander Bruce
Scottish nobleman and brother of King Robert the Bruce, active during the Wars of Scottish Independence.