July 23

Born in Chicago and raised in England, he returned to the US in the 1920s before launching a writing career during the Great Depression. His debut novel, The Big Sleep, introduced Philip Marlowe, a sharp-witted and morally upright detective. Chandler’s evocative prose and atmospheric settings redefined crime literature and influenced film noir. He also co-wrote acclaimed screenplays such as Double Indemnity, earning an Academy Award nomination. Throughout his life, he produced landmark works including Farewell, My Lovely and The Long Goodbye. He passed away in 1959, leaving a permanent mark on American letters.

Born in Gerrardstown, West Virginia, Julia Davis Adams began her career as a newspaper journalist in the early 20th century. She published her first historical novel in 1935 and went on to write numerous works focusing on American history and exploration. Adams's accessible storytelling and meticulous research made her books popular with educators and librarians. Her biographies of figures such as Christopher Columbus and George Washington introduced young audiences to pivotal moments in history. She continued writing and contributing to periodicals until her death in 1993.

Born in Copenhagen, Inger Margrethe Boberg studied folklore at the University of Copenhagen and published her first collection of Danish folk tales in 1932. Her research focused on rural storytelling traditions, folk beliefs, and cultural rituals in 19th-century Scandinavia. Boberg's academic work laid the foundation for modern folklore studies in Denmark. She also wrote essays, articles, and adaptations of traditional tales for children and general audiences. Her dual role as a researcher and author enriched both scholarly and popular understanding of Scandinavian folklore until her death in 1957.

M.H. Abrams was a pioneering literary scholar whose research reshaped the study of Romantic literature. His book 'The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition' (1953) became a cornerstone of literary criticism. Abrams spent over three decades as a professor at Cornell University, mentoring students and expanding the university's literary reputation. He served as general editor of the Norton Anthology of English Literature, guiding its evolution into a definitive reference. His work bridged historical, theoretical, and textual approaches, influencing generations of critics and scholars. Abrams was honored by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for his lasting contributions to literary studies.

Damiano Damiani was an influential Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor who left a significant mark on European cinema. Born in 1922, he emerged in the 1960s with works that blended political commentary and genre storytelling. His 1966 spaghetti western 'A Bullet for the General' is celebrated for its revolutionary themes, while 'Confessions of a Police Captain' earned international acclaim and an award at the Berlin Film Festival. Damiani’s films often tackled corruption, social injustice, and moral ambiguity. He also wrote novels and articles on film theory. Throughout his career, he received numerous accolades for his bold narratives and technical craftsmanship until his death in 2013.

Gavin Lambert was an English-American writer and screenwriter whose career spanned Hollywood journalism, novels, and film scripts. Born in 1924, he became a confidant to filmmakers and actors, offering insider perspectives on the studio system. Lambert’s screenplays include 'Inside Daisy Clover' and 'The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone,' blending character-driven drama with sharp social observation. He also wrote acclaimed biographies of Elizabeth Taylor and Montgomery Clift, exploring themes of fame and identity. Lambert’s novels often addressed queer experiences at a time when such topics were marginalized. He continued to influence both cinema and literary circles until his death in 2005.

Ludvík Vaculík emerged as a leading voice in Czechoslovakia's 1968 Prague Spring movement. His manifesto 'Two Thousand Words' became a rallying cry for political reform and freedom of expression. After the Soviet-led invasion, he continued to write under censorship, contributing to the samizdat underground. His novels and essays vividly captured the social and political realities of his time. Vaculík's fearless commentary made him a symbol of dissent and intellectual courage. He inspired later generations of Czech writers and dissidents until his death in 2015.

Gérard Brach was a prolific screenwriter behind some of European cinema's most memorable films. Born in 1927, he co-wrote scripts for Roman Polanski classics such as 'Repulsion,' 'The Fearless Vampire Killers,' and 'The Tenant.' His writing blended psychological depth with dark humor and suspense. Brach also directed a number of feature films, showcasing his versatile storytelling talents. His contributions helped define the tone of 1960s and 1970s art-house cinema. Brach's work continues to influence filmmakers around the world following his death in 2006.

Hubert Selby Jr. wrote powerful, unflinching portrayals of urban life and marginalized individuals. After overcoming serious illness as a young man, he channeled his experiences into his debut novel 'Last Exit to Brooklyn.' His work often confronted taboo subjects and challenged literary conventions. Selby also wrote the novel that inspired the cult film 'Requiem for a Dream' and co-wrote its screenplay. His innovative style and thematic boldness influenced a generation of writers and filmmakers. He remained a vital voice in American literature until his death in 2004.

Guy Fournier (born 1931) is a celebrated Canadian writer and screenwriter from Quebec. He has penned novels, essays, and stage plays that explore Quebec identity and humor. His scripts for the annual Bye Bye New Year's Eve comedy review became a staple of Quebec television. Fournier has won awards including the Governor General's Award for French-language drama. His works are celebrated for their satirical edge and cultural commentary. Beyond writing, he has served as a journalist and broadcaster, shaping public discourse in Canada. His enduring influence continues to inspire Quebec's literary and media scenes.

Danielle Collobert (July 23, 1940 – May 29, 1978) emerged as a powerful voice in French literature, blending poetic intensity with incisive journalistic insights. She published her first works in her early twenties, exploring themes of identity, memory, and political unrest. Collobert’s prose and poetry challenged conventional forms, earning her critical acclaim in literary circles. As a journalist, she reported on social issues with a keen eye, adding depth to her artistic vision. Her untimely death cut short a truly original and influential career.

John Nichols (July 23, 1940 – 2023) authored novels and essays that captured the spirit of small-town America, often set in New Mexico. His best-known work, "The Milagro Beanfield War," was adapted into a film by Robert Redford, bringing his lyrical storytelling to a wider audience. Nichols explored themes of community, social justice, and cultural heritage across his prolific career. He also wrote non-fiction accounts of rural life and political movements. His rich narratives and authentic characters earned him a devoted readership and critical praise.