July 25
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Anne(Eastern Christianity), Christopher(Western Christianity), Cucuphas, Glodesind, James the Great(Western Christianity), John I Agnus, Julian of Le Mans(translation), Magnerich of Trier, July 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast day honoring several saints across Eastern and Western traditions on July 25.
Guanacaste Day(Costa Rica)
A Costa Rican public holiday celebrating the annexation of the Guanacaste province from Nicaragua in 1824.
National Baha'i Day(Jamaica)
A Jamaican public holiday honoring the Baha'i Faith and its principles of unity and equality.
National Day of Galicia(Galicia, Spain)
A regional holiday in Galicia honoring the feast of Saint James, the region’s patron saint.
Puerto Rico Constitution Day(Puerto Rico)
A public holiday commemorating the adoption of Puerto Rico’s constitution in 1952.
International Afro-descendant Women's Day
An international observance honoring the contributions and struggles of Afro-descendant women worldwide.
Tenjin Matsuri(Osaka, Japan)
One of Japan’s top three festivals, honoring Sugawara no Michizane with land and river processions.
Anne(Eastern Christianity)
A feast in the Eastern Orthodox Church honoring Saint Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary.
Christopher(Western Christianity)
The feast day of Saint Christopher, patron saint of travelers in Western Christian traditions.
Events
Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
In 306, Constantine I was proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops, marking the start of his rule.
The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.
In 315, Rome's Arch of Constantine was completed near the Colosseum to celebrate Emperor Constantine’s victory at the Milvian Bridge.
Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls.
In 677, Slavic forces launched a three-day siege on the walls of Thessalonica, testing the city's defenses in a major assault.
The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
In 864, King Charles the Bald issued the Edict of Pistres, ordering fortifications and cavalry improvements to defend against Viking raids.
Wang Geon becomes King of Goryeo after overthrowing Gung Ye in a coup the previous day
In 918, General Wang Geon overthrew Gung Ye and declared himself King of Goryeo, founding the kingdom that would unify the Korean peninsula.
Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux.
In 1137, Eleanor of Aquitaine married Louis, heir to the French throne, in Bordeaux, uniting two powerful medieval realms.
Battle of Ourique: The Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques who is proclaimed King of Portugal.
In 1139, Prince Afonso Henriques defeated the Almoravids at Ourique and proclaimed himself King of Portugal, a key step towards national independence.
The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.
In 1261, Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos recaptured Constantinople, restoring the Byzantine Empire after the Latin occupation.
The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile.
In 1278, Granada and its Marinid allies secured a naval victory over Castilian forces off Algeciras, influencing the power balance during the Reconquista.
Births
Thietmar
Thietmar was a medieval bishop of Merseburg and a notable chronicler in the Holy Roman Empire. His chronicle provides key insights into early 11th-century politics and society.
Casimir I the Restorer
Casimir I the Restorer was Duke of Poland who reunited and strengthened the Polish state after a period of fragmentation. His reforms laid the foundations for the Piast dynasty's future success.
Afonso I
Afonso I, also known as Afonso Henriques, was the first King of Portugal and founder of the Portuguese nation. He led the Reconquista campaigns and secured Portugal's independence.
Ibn Arabi
Ibn Arabi was an influential Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher. His writings on unity of being and divine love shaped Islamic spiritual thought.
Arthur II
Arthur II was Duke of Brittany who strengthened ducal authority and advanced regional administration. He fostered economic growth and balanced relations with France and England.
Hawys Gadarn
Hawys Gadarn was a Welsh noblewoman celebrated for her successful defense of her inheritance in Powys. She secured her lands through direct appeal to King Edward III.
Albert I
Albert I was Duke of Bavaria and co-ruler of the Wittelsbach territories. He navigated feudal disputes and supported cultural and religious institutions in his lands.
James I
James I was King of Scotland who implemented legal reforms and patronized the arts after eighteen years of English captivity. He sought to curb noble power and revive Scottish culture.
Philip I
Philip I was Duke of Brabant who promoted trade and urban autonomy during a time of prosperity. He maintained regional peace through diplomatic alliances.
Deaths
Constantius Chlorus
Roman emperor of the Tetrarchy and father of Constantine the Great.
Ragenold
Medieval Frankish margrave who defended the frontier of Neustria against Viking raids.
Ichijō
66th Emperor of Japan who reigned during the culturally vibrant Heian period.
Sibylla
Queen of Jerusalem whose turbulent reign saw the loss of the Holy Land to Saladin.
Herrad of Landsberg
Alsatian abbess who compiled the illuminated medieval encyclopedia 'Hortus deliciarum'.
Martin I
King of Sicily from 1392 to 1409, known as Martin the Younger of Aragon.
Thomas à Kempis
German canon and mystic, author of the influential devotional work 'The Imitation of Christ'.
Charles of Artois
Count of Eu and nobleman who served in the Hundred Years' War and Burgundian politics.
Innocent VIII
Pope from 1484 to 1492, known for his patronage of Renaissance art and nepotism.