July 27
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Arethas(Western Christianity), Aurelius and Nataliaand companions of theMartyrs of Córdoba., Maurus, Pantalemon, and Sergius, Pantaleon, Seven Sleepers of Ephesus(Roman Martyrology)National Sleepy Head Day(Finland), Theobald of Marly, Titus Brandsma,O.Carm., July 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A day honoring various Christian saints in Western and Eastern traditions, paired with Finland's playful National Sleepy Head Day.
Day of Victory in the Great Fatherland Liberation War(North Korea)
A North Korean public holiday marking the end of the Korean War with celebrations of military victory.
Iglesia ni Cristo Day(the Philippines)
Commemorates the founding of the Philippine church organization Iglesia ni Cristo each July 27.
José Celso Barbosa Day(Puerto Rico)
Honors the birth and legacy of Dr. José Celso Barbosa, a pioneering physician and political founder from Puerto Rico.
Medical Workers Day(Ukraine)
A professional holiday in Ukraine honoring the contributions of medical and healthcare workers.
Martyrs and Wounded Soldiers Day(Vietnam)
Vietnam’s national day honoring the sacrifices of martyrs and wounded soldiers.
Arethas(Western Christianity)
Celebrates Saint Arethas, a martyr honored in Western Christian traditions.
Aurelius and Nataliaand companions of theMartyrs of Córdoba.
Honors the siblings Aurelius and Natalia among the Martyrs of Córdoba for their early Christian witness.
Maurus, Pantalemon, and Sergius
Remembers Saints Maurus, Pantalemon, and Sergius, early Christian martyrs honored on this day.
Events
Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. This is known as the Battle of Dunsinane.
In 1054, Siward, Earl of Northumbria, led an invasion into Scotland and defeated King Macbeth at the Battle of Dunsinane north of the Firth of Forth.
Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Stefan Nemanja, during the Third Crusade.
In 1189, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa's crusading army reached Niš, securing vital support from Serbian King Stefan Nemanja during the Third Crusade.
Georgian–Seljuk wars: At the Battle of Basian the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum.
In 1202, Georgian forces secured a decisive victory over the Sultanate of Rum at the Battle of Basian during the Georgian–Seljuk wars.
Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies, effectively ending John of England's Angevin Empire.
In 1214, King Philip II of France achieved a landmark victory at the Battle of Bouvines, shattering a coalition of Imperial, English, and Flemish forces.
According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding day of the Ottoman state.
In 1299, Osman I launched his first raid into Nicomedia, an event often marked as the founding of the Ottoman state.
Battle of Bapheus: Decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.
In 1302, Ottoman forces secured a crucial victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Bapheus, opening Bithynia to Turkish conquest.
The Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan.
In 1549, the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier arrived in Japan, marking the beginning of Catholic missions in the country.
The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. After the Acts of Union 1707, Scotland would be included in the Act.
In 1663, the English Parliament enacted the Second Navigation Act, mandating that colonial goods be shipped exclusively on English vessels from English ports.
Glorious Revolution: The Battle of Killiecrankie is a victory for the Jacobites.
In 1689, during the Glorious Revolution, Jacobite forces secured a victory over government troops at the Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland.
Births
Kūkai
Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Shingon school of Esoteric Buddhism and became a renowned scholar and calligrapher.
Ludovico Sforza
Italian nobleman who became Duke of Milan and a major patron of Renaissance art, famously supporting Leonardo da Vinci.
Lucrezia Crivelli
Noblewoman of the Milanese court known for her relationship with Duke Ludovico Sforza in the late 15th century.
Francesco Corteccia
Italian Renaissance composer celebrated for his madrigals, motets, and innovative intermedii produced for the Florentine court.
Frances Howard
English noblewoman who held the title Duchess of Richmond and Lennox during the reign of King James I.
Murad IV
Ottoman Sultan known for restoring central authority and enforcing strict laws during a turbulent period of the empire.
Edward Montagu
English naval commander and statesman who supported the Restoration of Charles II and became the first Earl of Sandwich.
Johann Bernoulli
Swiss mathematician renowned for his work in calculus and for mentoring future luminaries like Leonhard Euler.
Jeremiah Dixon
English surveyor and astronomer best known for mapping the Mason–Dixon line dividing colonial America.
Deaths
Abdallah II of Ifriqiya
Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya who ruled in North Africa during the early 10th century.
Chai Rong
Chai Rong was the second emperor of the Later Zhou dynasty during China's Five Dynasties period.
Salomea of Berg
Salomea of Berg was High Duchess consort of Poland in the early 12th century.
Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II led the Catholic Church from 1058 until his death in 1061, promoting church reform.
Conrad II
Conrad II, son of Emperor Henry IV, served as King of Italy during the Investiture Controversy.
Hugh d'Avranches
Hugh d'Avranches, known as Hugh Lupus, was Earl of Chester and a powerful Norman nobleman.
Geoffrey VI
Geoffrey VI was a 12th-century French noble who held the title Count of Anjou.
James I, known as 'the Conqueror', was King of Aragon and expanded Mediterranean territories in the 13th century.
Rudolf IV
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, was a 14th-century ruler who strengthened his duchy's status within the Holy Roman Empire.