🎉 Holidays & Observances

Christianfeast day:

Alphonsa Muttathupadathu(Syro-Malabar Catholic Church), Botvid, Johann Sebastian Bach,George Frederick Handel,Henry Purcell(Episcopal Churchcommemoration), Johann Sebastian Bach,Heinrich Schütz,George Frederick Handel(Lutherancommemoration), Nazarius and Celsus, Pedro Poveda Castroverde, Pope Innocent I, Pope Victor I, Samson of Dol, July 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

A collection of Christian feast days celebrated on July 28 across various denominations, honoring saints, martyrs, and renowned composers.

Day of Commemoration of the Great Upheaval(Canada)

A day in Canada commemorating the Great Upheaval, marking the forced expulsion of Acadian people by British authorities in the 18th century.

Fiestas Patrias, celebrates the independence ofPerufrom Spain by GeneralJosé de San Martínin 1821.

Peru’s Fiestas Patrias on July 28 marks the anniversary of its independence from Spain proclaimed in 1821.

Liberation Day (San Marino)

San Marino’s Liberation Day commemorates the end of fascist occupation on July 28, 1943, celebrating the republic’s freedom and resilience.

Ólavsøka Eve(Faroe Islands)

The evening before Ólavsøka, the Faroe Islands’ national cultural festival, features traditional boat races, music, and community gatherings.

World Hepatitis Day

World Hepatitis Day on July 28 raises global awareness about viral hepatitis prevention, screening, and treatment.

Alphonsa Muttathupadathu(Syro-Malabar Catholic Church)

The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church commemorates Saint Alphonsa Muttathupadathu, the first woman of Indian origin to be canonized, on July 28.

Botvid

Saint Botvid’s feast day on July 28 honors the Swedish missionary and martyr revered in Scandinavian Christian tradition.

Johann Sebastian Bach,George Frederick Handel,Henry Purcell(Episcopal Churchcommemoration)

The Episcopal Church commemorates composers Bach, Handel, and Purcell on July 28, celebrating their contributions to sacred music.

📅 Events

1364

Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.

In 1364, Pisa and Florence armies met at the Battle of Cascina in Tuscany. A significant medieval Italian conflict.

1540

Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.

On July 28, 1540, King Henry VIII of England married Catherine Howard, his fifth wife. The wedding was marked by elaborate courtly ceremonies.

1571

La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines, is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.

In 1571, Spanish colonizers founded the La Laguna encomienda, known today as Laguna province in the Philippines. It became one of the country's oldest colonial provinces.

1635

In the Eighty Years' War, the Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.

In 1635, Spanish forces seized the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans during the Eighty Years' War. The loss disrupted Dutch defenses along the Rhine.

1656

Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins.

The Battle of Warsaw began in 1656 as part of the Second Northern War. Swedish and Brandenburg forces clashed with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1778

Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.

The provincial constitution of Cantabria was ratified in 1778 at Bárcena la Puente, Spain. This charter established local governance structures in the region.

1794

French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.

Revolutionary leaders Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just were guillotined in Paris in 1794. Their executions marked the end of the Reign of Terror.

1808

Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.

Mahmud II ascended to the Ottoman throne and became Caliph of Islam in 1808. His reign initiated major modernizing reforms.

1809

Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.

British, Portuguese, and Spanish forces under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated Joseph Bonaparte's army at the Battle of Talavera in 1809. It was a pivotal engagement in the Peninsular War.

🎂 Births

1347

Margaret of Durazzo

Queen of Naples and Hungary

Queen consort of Naples and Hungary known for her political influence during the late 14th century.

1347 - 1412
1458

Jacopo Sannazaro

Italian poet, humanist and epigrammist

Italian Renaissance poet and humanist best known for the pastoral romance 'Arcadia'.

1458 - 1530
1516

William

Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman

German duke who ruled the united duchies of Jülich, Cleves, and Berg during the 16th century.

1516 - 1592
1609

Judith Leyster

Dutch painter

Dutch Golden Age painter celebrated for her expressive genre scenes and portraits.

1609 - 1660
1645

Marguerite Louise d'Orléans

French princess

French princess of the House of Orléans and Grand Duchess of Tuscany by marriage.

1645 - 1721
1659

Charles Ancillon

French jurist and diplomat

French jurist and diplomat who served the Elector of Brandenburg in the late 17th century.

1659 - 1715
1746

Thomas Heyward

Jr., American judge and politician

American judge, planter, and signer of the Declaration of Independence from South Carolina.

1746 - 1809
1750

Fabre d'Églantine

French actor, playwright, and politician

French actor, playwright, and revolutionary politician during the French Revolution.

1750 - 1794
1783

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck

German army officer and writer

German army officer and travel writer known for his vivid accounts of European journeys.

1783 - 1860

🕊️ Deaths

450

Theodosius II

Roman emperor

Theodosius II was Eastern Roman Emperor from 408 to 450, renowned for the Theodosian Code and strengthening Constantinople’s defenses.

401 - 450
631

Athanasius I Gammolo

Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.

Athanasius I Gammolo was Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch in the early 7th century, noted for his leadership during theological controversies.

938

Thankmar

half-brother of Otto I

Thankmar was the elder half-brother of Otto I who challenged his brother’s succession and died in a revolt.

942

Shi Jingtang

emperor of Later Jin

Shi Jingtang founded the Later Jin dynasty and became emperor of northern China with Khitan support.

892 - 942
1057

Victor II

pope of the Catholic Church

Pope Victor II led the Catholic Church from 1055 to 1057, known for his reformist zeal and mediation between secular powers.

1018 - 1057
1128

William Clito

English son of Sybilla of Conversano

William Clito was the son of Robert Curthose and a nephew of Henry I of England who claimed the duchy of Normandy.

1102 - 1128
1230

Leopold VI

Duke of Austria

Leopold VI, known as “the Glorious,” was Duke of Austria from 1198 who fostered cultural growth and led troops in the Fifth Crusade.

1176 - 1230
1271

Walter de Burgh

1st Earl of Ulster

Walter de Burgh was a 13th-century Anglo-Norman noble who became the first Earl of Ulster and served as Justiciar of Ireland.

1220 - 1271
1285

Keran

Queen of Armenia

Keran was queen consort of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia who ruled alongside her husband Leo II in the late 13th century.

🎁 Birth Symbols

Birthstone

7月28日のRubyの画像
Ruby
July's birthstone harboring passionate red flames, the queen of gems symbolizing victory and love.
7月28日のSpheneの画像
Sphene
July's new birthstone with rainbow brilliance surpassing diamond, a rare gem symbolizing talent development.

Zodiac Sign

7月28日のLeoの画像
Leo
A fire sign ruled by the sun, known for leadership, creativity, and confident presence.

Birth Monster (Mytho-Digital Creature)

7月28日のStarfest Genieの画像
Starfest Genie
A spirit wrapped in stardust and festival fervor, possessing the power to grant wishes. Freely travels between heaven and earth.

Birth Stationery

7月28日のGel Penの画像
Gel Pen
An expressive creative writing tool that vividly colors summer wishes and gratitude

Birth Element (Hyper-Periodic Element)

7月28日のNeonの画像
Neon
A noble gas normally inert but emitting brilliant light when electrified, an element adorning urban nights

Birth Tea

7月28日のMint Teaの画像
Mint Tea
A refreshing herbal tea beloved in hot regions like Morocco, embodying the wisdom of cooling the body from within

Birth Coffee

7月28日のAffogatoの画像
Affogato
An Italian dessert coffee where hot espresso is poured over vanilla ice cream, symbolizing the dramatic fusion of hot and cold that represents summer passion and ephemerality.

Birth Cheese

7月28日のFetaの画像
Feta
Greek white cheese preserved in brine, featuring refreshing taste perfect for hot summer. Shines white like stars.

Birth Chocolate

7月28日のSingle Origin Chocolateの画像
Single Origin Chocolate
Distinctive chocolate crafted exclusively from cacao beans of a single origin, purely expressing the unique flavors and terroir of that specific region.

Birth Bread

7月28日のFocacciaの画像
Focaccia
A flat bread originating from Genoa, Italy, symbolizing Mediterranean sunlight through olive oil and herbs, representing festive celebrations.

Birth Fragrance

7月28日のJasmineの画像
Jasmine
The rich and sensual fragrance of white flowers that bloom at night, expressing prayers to the starry sky of Tanabata and the fervor of summer festivals.

Birth Algorithm

7月28日のParallel Processing Algorithmの画像
Parallel Processing Algorithm
An energetic system that processes multiple tasks simultaneously like a summer festival, maximizing efficiency

Birth Cognitive Bias (Mind's Quirk)

7月28日のPeak-End Ruleの画像
Peak-End Rule
A cognitive bias that evaluates entire experiences based on peak and end impressions

Birth Drink

Red Lion
A devoted person who can become passionate with sharpness and warmth

Birth Flower

Glory Lily
Glory 、 Bravery 、 Honor 、 Splendor
Rose of Heaven
Passion to achieve dreams 、 Trap
Carnation
Innocence 、 Lovely 、 Chastity 、 (Pink) Pure love 、 (Red) Pure and burning love 、 (White) Talent
Redvein Enkianthus
Moderation 、 Bright future 、 Modest love 、 Overflowing joy