July 28

Fiestas Patrias, observed on July 28, celebrates Peru’s declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule by General José de San Martín in 1821. The day begins with a solemn flag-raising ceremony in Lima’s Plaza Mayor, followed by a grand military parade showcasing national pride. Citizens across the country decorate their homes with the red-and-white national colors and enjoy traditional foods like ceviche and anticuchos. Cultural performances, folk dances, and parades reflect Peru’s rich indigenous and Hispanic heritage. Public speeches by political leaders honor the heroes of independence and reaffirm democratic values. Festivities continue into the evening with fireworks and community gatherings, uniting Peruvians in celebration of freedom.

Liberation Day in San Marino marks July 28, 1943, when the microstate successfully resisted fascist occupation during World War II. This anniversary honors the courage of San Marinese citizens who upheld their republic’s sovereignty against external pressures. Official ceremonies include flag-raising in Piazza Della Libertà and speeches by government leaders. Local honors are bestowed upon descendants of the partisans and those who protected San Marino’s freedom. Cultural events and concerts celebrate national identity, showcasing Sammarinese music, dance, and culinary traditions. The day fosters reflection on the values of democracy and independence that shaped the world’s oldest republic.