July 30

Baghdad is founded.

In 762, the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur founded Baghdad along the Tigris River, establishing a new political and cultural center for the Islamic world.

First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.

In 1419, a mob of radical Hussites threw seven Prague city councilors from the New Town Hall windows, sparking the Hussite Wars.

Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.

During his fourth voyage in 1502, Christopher Columbus reached Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Honduras, encountering indigenous peoples.

Beaver Wars: At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs on behalf of his native allies.

In 1609, Samuel de Champlain, allied with the Algonquin, killed two Iroquois chiefs at Ticonderoga during the Beaver Wars.

In Jamestown, Virginia, the first Colonial European representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly, convenes for the first time.

In 1619, the Virginia General Assembly met for the first time in Jamestown, establishing the first legislative body in English North America.

An earthquake kills about 5,000 people in Gargano, Italy.

A powerful earthquake struck Gargano, Italy in 1627, killing about 5,000 people and devastating local communities.

Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish Army.

Frederick Henry began the Siege of Schenkenschans on July 30, 1635, aiming to recapture the fortress from the Spanish during the Eighty Years' War.

English Civil War: Scottish Covenanter forces under the Earl of Leven launch the Siege of Hereford, a remaining Royalist stronghold.

Scottish Covenanter forces laid siege to the Royalist-held city of Hereford on July 30, 1645, during the English Civil War.

The Battle of Warsaw ends with a Swedish-Brandenburger victory over a larger Polish-Lithuanian force.

The Battle of Warsaw ended on July 30, 1656, with Swedish and Brandenburg forces defeating a larger Polish–Lithuanian army in the Second Northern War.