July 31
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Abanoub, Germanus of Auxerre, Ignatius of Loyola, Neot, July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast honoring saints Abanoub, Germanus of Auxerre, Ignatius of Loyola, and Neot in the Eastern Orthodox tradition.
Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of theBaháʼí calendar. (Baháʼí Faith)
The Feast of Kamál marks the beginning of the eighth month in the Baháʼí calendar, celebrating spiritual perfection.
End of theTrinity term(sitting of theHigh Court of Justice of England)
This day marks the end of the Trinity term, the summer session of the High Court of Justice in England.
Lā Hae HawaiʻiDay(Hawaii,United States), and its related observance:
Sovereignty Restoration Day(Hawaiian sovereignty movement)
Lā Hae Hawaiʻi Day commemorates the raising of the Hawaiian flag and the restoration of native sovereignty.
Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh(HaryanaandPunjab,India)
Martyrdom Day of Udham Singh pays tribute to the Indian nationalist who avenged the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Treasury Day(Poland)
Treasury Day in Poland celebrates the nation’s financial administration and the professionals behind it.
Warriors' Day(Malaysia)
Warriors’ Day in Malaysia honors the bravery and sacrifice of the nation’s military personnel.
Abanoub
Feast day celebrating Saint Abanoub, a young martyr revered in the Coptic Church.
Germanus of Auxerre
Feast day of Germanus of Auxerre, the bishop known for defending against Pelagianism.
Events
Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
In 30 BC, at Alexandria, Mark Antony won a fleeting victory over Octavian's forces but saw most of his army desert him, leading to his eventual suicide.
The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).
In 781, Mount Fuji erupted for the first time on record during the Ten'o era, marking the oldest documented volcanic activity of Japan’s most famous peak.
Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
Pope Sergius IV ascended to the papacy in 1009, becoming the 142nd pope after the death of John XVIII.
Attempted usurpation by John Komnenos the Fat for the throne of Alexios III Angelos.
On July 31, 1201, John Komnenos the Fat launched a failed coup attempt against Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos.
Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant: A Franco-Scottish army is defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
During the Hundred Years' War in 1423, an Anglo-Burgundian force defeated the Franco-Scottish army at the Battle of Cravant on the Yonne River.
Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
Jacques Cœur, the influential French merchant and royal financier, was arrested by King Charles VII in 1451 amid charges of corruption and treason.
All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
The Alhambra Decree took effect in 1492, expelling all remaining Jews from Spain under the Catholic Monarchs’ order.
On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
On his third voyage in 1498, Christopher Columbus became the first European to discover the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean Sea.
Maurice, Prince of Orange disbands the waardgelders militia in Utrecht, a pivotal event in the Remonstrant/Counter-Remonstrant tensions.
Prince Maurice of Orange disbanded the waardgelders militia in Utrecht on July 31, 1618, escalating the Remonstrant and Counter-Remonstrant conflict.
Births
78th Emperor of Japan during the late Heian period.
Philip III
Duke of Burgundy from 1419 to 1467, he expanded Burgundian influence and patronized Renaissance art as Philip the Good.
Augustus
Elector of Saxony from 1553 to 1586, he reinforced Lutheran reforms and fostered education and the arts.
Maximilian II
Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 to 1576, he was noted for his religious tolerance and support of arts and sciences.
Philipp Wolfgang
Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg from 1601 until his death, he managed his counties during the turbulence of the Thirty Years' War.
Alessandro Algardi
Italian Baroque sculptor renowned for his expressive reliefs and as a principal rival to Bernini.
Charles of France
Grandson of Louis XIV and Duke of Berry, his early death ended a promising royal career.
Jean Denis Attiret
French Jesuit missionary and painter who brought Western techniques to Chinese imperial art.
Gabriel Cramer
Swiss mathematician and physicist best known for formulating Cramer's rule in linear algebra.
Deaths
Aurelia Cotta
Roman matriarch, mother of Julius Caesar.
Peter Chrysologus
Italian Bishop of Ravenna and Doctor of the Church.
Feng Xingxi
Chinese warlord of the late Tang dynasty in the Sichuan region.
Fu Yanqing
Chinese general and statesman during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Hugh of Montgomery
Anglo-Norman nobleman and 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury.
Étienne Marcel
French provost and leader of the 1358 Parisian revolt.
William Courtenay
English Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor under King Richard II.
Na'od
Ethiopian Emperor of the Solomonic dynasty.
Ignatius of Loyola
Spanish priest, theologian, and founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).