July 31

S. S. Kresge began his retail career as a clerk before launching his own variety-store concept in Detroit in 1899. Under his leadership, the S. S. Kresge Company expanded into hundreds of stores across the United States. In 1962, the company rebranded as Kmart and became one of the largest discount retailers in America. Kresge also established philanthropic foundations that continue to support educational and cultural institutions. He retired in the 1940s but left a lasting legacy in American retail history.

Frank Renouf was a New Zealand businessman and financier active in the mid-20th century. He was instrumental in developing New Zealand's finance and property markets. Renouf founded one of the country's first listed investment trusts, introducing new ways for investors to access commercial property. His innovative approaches helped shape the modern real estate landscape. He remained a prominent figure in business until his death in 1998.

Born in Istanbul in 1923, Ertegun moved to the United States after World War II. He co-founded Atlantic Records in 1947, signing and promoting artists in jazz, R&B, and rock. Ertegun worked with legends such as Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, and Led Zeppelin. His vision transformed Atlantic into one of the most influential labels in music history. He also composed songs under the name A. Nugetre and supported emerging talent. Ertegun received numerous honors, including induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He died in 2006, leaving a lasting legacy in the music industry.

Born on July 31, 1957 in London, England, Mark Thompson began his media career at the BBC, eventually serving as Controller of Channel 4 and then as Director-General of the BBC from 2004 to 2012. During his tenure, he oversaw major digital expansions and editorial reforms that strengthened the corporation's global presence. In 2012, Thompson became CEO of The New York Times Company, leading its successful transition to digital subscriptions and innovative journalism. Under his leadership, The Times significantly grew its subscriber base and diversified its content delivery. Recognized for his strategic vision, he has influenced the evolution of media in the digital age.

Born on July 31, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\nCo-founded microelectronics distributor Broadcast.com, which sold to Yahoo! for $5.7 billion in 1999.\nPurchased the Dallas Mavericks in 2000 and led the team to its first NBA championship in 2011.\nKnown for his outspoken personality and role as a 'shark' investor on the television show Shark Tank.\nActive in philanthropy and tech startups, frequently speaking on entrepreneurship and innovation.

Born on July 31, 1961 in Kano, Nigeria.\nServed as the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 2009 to 2014, implementing financial reforms.\nAppointed the 14th Emir of Kano in 2014, gaining prominence as a traditional and religious leader.\nKnown for anti-corruption efforts and outspoken critique of government policies.\nHas received international recognition for his leadership in finance and advocacy for social justice.