July 31

Born in Greifswald in 1621, Sibylla Schwarz emerged as one of the earliest prominent German Baroque poets. Despite her brief life, she composed over 130 poems that captured the emotional intensity of the era. Her works ranged from devotional lyrics to passionate love verses, showcasing her command of classical motifs and personal sentiment. As a woman writer in the 17th century, she broke cultural barriers and inspired later generations of poets. Schwarz’s poetry was published posthumously, solidifying her reputation as a unique voice in German literature. Her life was cut short by the plague at just 17, but her legacy endures in her vivid, heartfelt verse.

Francis Ledwidge was an Irish poet celebrated for his lyrical depictions of County Meath’s landscapes and peasant life. Encouraged by W.B. Yeats, he published two acclaimed volumes of poetry that blended nature imagery with nationalistic themes. With the outbreak of World War I, Ledwidge enlisted in the British Army’s Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, seeking personal and national honor. His wartime poems reveal the horrors of battle alongside moments of pastoral reflection, earning him recognition as a war poet. Ledwidge was killed by artillery in July 1917 during the Third Battle of Ypres, at the age of 36. Posthumous collections highlighted his dual legacy as a romantic poet and soldier. His work remains a poignant testament to the human cost of war and the enduring spirit of Ireland.

Hedd Wyn, born Ellis Humphrey Evans, was a Welsh-language poet who became a symbol of artistic loss during World War I. Raised on a family farm in Trawsfynydd, he cultivated a deep appreciation for Welsh culture and nature, themes that pervade his poetry. In 1915 he volunteered for military service, joining the Royal Welsh Fusiliers despite his poetic leanings. His elegiac and nature-infused verses earned him posthumous recognition when he was awarded the Eisteddfod Chair after his death. Killed at the Battle of Passchendaele in July 1917, he was buried with the draped bardic chair on his grave, making “the Black Chair” an enduring emblem of wartime sacrifice. Hedd Wyn’s work continues to inspire Welsh literature and commemorations of the cultural cost of conflict. His life and poetry remain central to the narrative of Wales’s wartime heritage.

Sir Francis Younghusband (1863–1942) was a British Army officer, explorer, and spiritual writer. He led the 1904 British expedition to Tibet, establishing diplomatic relations and producing extensive geographical surveys. His travels took him across Central Asia, where he documented local cultures and landscapes. In later years, he turned to spiritual subjects, authoring books such as 'The Perilous Realm' that explored mysticism and world unity. His blend of military service, exploration, and philosophical thought influenced early 20th-century spiritual movements. Younghusband's legacy endures as a pioneering traveler and thinker.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900–1944) was a French writer, poet, and pioneering aviator. He flew mail routes across the Sahara and South America before joining the Free French Air Force in World War II. His literary works, including 'Night Flight' and 'Wind, Sand and Stars', drew on his flight experiences. In 1943, he published 'The Little Prince', a poetic tale that became one of the world's most translated and beloved books. Saint-Exupéry disappeared over the Mediterranean during a reconnaissance mission in 1944. His legacy endures through his lyrical prose and daring spirit of exploration.

Cho Ki-chŏn (1913–1951) was a pioneering North Korean poet whose works helped shape the literary identity of the newly formed DPRK. He wrote patriotic and revolutionary poems that celebrated the struggles and aspirations of the Korean people. His most famous work, 'Mt. Paektu', became an emblem of national pride. Cho's writings blended folk traditions with socialist realist themes, influencing generations of Korean writers. He died in 1951 during the Korean War, and his legacy continues as a foundational figure in North Korean literature.

William Keepers Maxwell Jr. was born in 1908 in Chicago, Illinois. He began his literary career as an editor at The New Yorker, where he championed emerging writers. As a novelist and short story writer, Maxwell explored themes of family, memory, and everyday struggles. His elegant prose and nuanced characters earned him critical acclaim throughout his career. In addition to his own writing, he mentored aspiring authors and taught creative writing at several universities. Maxwell's influence extended beyond his publications, shaping mid-20th century American literature. He died on July 31, 2000, and is remembered for his refined storytelling and editorial insight.

Harry Alan Towers started as a radio broadcaster and evolved into one of the most prolific independent film producers in Europe. Under the pseudonym Peter Welbeck, he wrote screenplays for over 70 films, many in the adventure and horror genres. He collaborated extensively with director Jesús Franco on cult classics such as "The Blood of Fu Manchu" and "Cave of the Living Dead". Towers founded Towers of London and managed production facilities that brought genre cinema to international audiences. His knack for combining exotic locations with low-budget ingenuity made him a legend in the independent film world.

Mollie Hunter’s works are celebrated for their vivid portrayals of Scottish history and folklore. She was a two-time winner of the Carnegie Medal, authoring acclaimed novels such as "The Kelpie’s Pearls" and "The Ghost Dog". Her imaginative storytelling and richly drawn characters captivated both critics and young readers. Her deep research into Celtic legends gave her narratives authenticity and depth. Her legacy endures in the fantasy genre and continues to inspire authors and readers worldwide.

Gore Vidal’s literary career spanned seven decades, producing novels, essays, plays, and screenplays. His works such as "Burr", "Myra Breckinridge", and "The City and the Pillar" challenged social norms and explored American history. A fierce critic of American politics, Vidal engaged in public debates and was known for his wit and erudition. He served in the Army Air Forces during World War II before turning to writing full-time. Vidal’s sharp observations on power, sexuality, and culture cemented his reputation as one of America’s most outspoken intellectuals.

John Graves served as a B-17 bomber pilot in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. After the war, he turned to writing and published the acclaimed book "Goodbye to a River" in 1960. The memoir chronicles a canoe trip down Texas’s Brazos River and reflects on history, nature, and personal discovery. Graves’s elegant prose and deep reverence for the American landscape influenced a generation of environmental writers. His work remains a touchstone in nature writing, celebrated for its lyrical beauty and philosophical insight.

Nabarun Bhattacharya was an Indian writer, best known for his groundbreaking Bengali novel 'Herbert', which blended magical realism with biting social critique. As a journalist and literary figure, he challenged political norms and championed the marginalized through his works. He received the Sahitya Akademi Award for his contributions to Bengali literature. Bhattacharya's fiery style and dark humor marked him as a leading voice in contemporary Indian writing. He also authored numerous short stories and essays that explored the complexities of postcolonial society.