August 09
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Battle of Gangut Day(Russia)
Commemorates Russia's first major naval victory at the Battle of Gangut in 1714 against Swedish forces.
Christianfeast day:
Candida Maria of Jesus, Edith Stein(St Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), Firmus and Rusticus, Herman of Alaska(Russian Orthodox Churchandrelated congregations;Episcopal Church (USA)), John Vianney(1950s – currently August 4), Mary Sumner(Church of England), Nath Í of Achonry, Romanus Ostiarius, Secundian, Marcellian and Verian, August 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Honors various Christian saints and martyrs observed across multiple denominations on August 9.
International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples(United Nations)
An annual United Nations observance celebrating the culture, rights, and contributions of Indigenous peoples worldwide.
Meyboom(BrusselsandLeuven,Belgium)
A centuries-old folk tradition in Brussels and Leuven celebrating the annual planting of a May tree.
National Day, celebrates the independence ofSingaporefromMalaysiain 1965.
Singapore's National Day commemorates its independence from Malaysia on August 9, 1965.
National Peacekeepers' Day, celebrated on Sunday closest to the day (Canada)
A Canadian observance honoring the contributions and sacrifices of UN peacekeepers.
National Women's Day (South Africa)
South Africa's National Women's Day honors the strength and unity of women in the struggle against apartheid.
Day of theFinnish art, also birthday ofTove Jansson(Finland)
Finland's Day of Finnish Art celebrates national art and commemorates illustrator Tove Jansson's birthday.
Candida Maria of Jesus
Feast day honoring Saint Candida Maria of Jesus, known for her humility and devotion to the poor.
Events
Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.
Julius Caesar achieves a decisive victory over Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus, forcing Pompey to flee to Egypt.
Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths. Valens is killed along with over half of his army.
Emperor Valens and his Roman legions suffer a crushing defeat by the Visigoths at Adrianople, where Valens is killed.
Construction of the campanile of the Cathedral of Pisa (now known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa) begins; it will take two centuries to complete.
Construction of the iconic Leaning Tower of Pisa's campanile begins, a project that spans nearly 200 years.
Quilon, the first Indian Christian Diocese, is erected by Pope John XXII; the French-born Jordanus is appointed the first Bishop.
Pope John XXII establishes the first Indian Christian diocese in Quilon and appoints Jordanus as its first bishop.
Sources cite biggest caravan trade between Podvisoki and Republic of Ragusa. Vlachs committed to Ragusan lord Tomo Bunić, that they will with 600 horses deliver 1,500 modius of salt. Delivery was meant for Dobrašin Veseoković, and Vlachs price was half of delivered salt.
In 1428, the largest recorded caravan trade delivers 1,500 modius of salt on 600 horses from Podvisoki to the Republic of Ragusa.
Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503): The Ottomans capture Methoni, Messenia.
During the Ottoman–Venetian War, Ottoman forces capture the strategic port of Methoni in Messenia.
The First Anglo-Powhatan War begins in colonial Virginia.
Conflict erupts between English colonists and the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia, igniting the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
Napoleon annexes Westphalia as part of the First French Empire.
Napoleon formally annexes the Kingdom of Westphalia into the First French Empire, expanding his European dominion.
American Indian Wars: The Creek sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson, giving up huge parts of Alabama and Georgia.
The Creek Nation signs the Treaty of Fort Jackson, ceding vast territories in Alabama and Georgia to the United States.
Births
Arnold Fitz Thedmar
English historian and merchant known for his comprehensive chronicle of London's civic history.
Francesco Barozzi
Italian mathematician and astronomer renowned for his works on trigonometry and astronomical instruments.
Bogislaw XIII
Duke of Pomerania who managed divisions of his duchy and supported cultural initiatives in the late 16th century.
John Webster
Early colonial settler who served as the Governor of Connecticut, instrumental in shaping its early legislature.
Johannes Cocceius
German-Dutch theologian and academic known for pioneering covenant theology in the Reformed tradition.
Henry of Nassau-Siegen
German count who served as a Dutch Army officer and diplomat for the Dutch Republic during the Eighty Years' War.
Johann Michael Bach
German Baroque composer and organist, part of the prolific Bach musical family.
John Oldham
17th-century English poet and translator celebrated for his satirical verse and classical translations.
Joseph Wenzel I
Prince of Liechtenstein and Habsburg Field Marshal, renowned for his military and diplomatic service in the early 18th century.
Deaths
Traianus
A prominent Roman general who served as magister peditum and died at the Battle of Adrianople.
Valens
Eastern Roman Emperor from 364 to 378, known for his reign and demise at the Battle of Adrianople.
Irene of Athens
Byzantine empress who ruled first as regent and then as sole empress, known as the first female ruler of Byzantium.
Al-Ma'mun
Abbasid caliph celebrated for expanding the empire and pioneering the translation movement in Baghdad.
Pope for a brief period in 1048, recognized for his efforts to reform the clergy.
The 73rd emperor of Japan, he presided over a period of courtly culture and patronized Buddhism.
Najm ad-Din Ayyub
A Kurdish military commander and politician, father of Sultan Saladin and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.
William de Braose
Anglo-Norman baron known for his conflict with King John, leading to his excommunication and exile.
Walter of Kirkham
Bishop of Durham from 1249 to 1260, known for his legal expertise and administrative reforms.