August 09

Eino Kaila (1890–1958) was a leading Finnish philosopher and psychologist. He was a key figure in the Vienna Circle and helped introduce logical positivism to Finland. Kaila studied under Moritz Schlick and contributed to the development of analytic philosophy. His research spanned logic, epistemology, and the psychology of perception. He held professorships at the University of Helsinki and served as rector of the University of Turku. Kaila’s work laid the groundwork for modern Finnish philosophy and social science.

Jean Piaget (1896–1980) was a Swiss psychologist and epistemologist best known for his pioneering work on child development. He proposed the theory of cognitive development, outlining stages through which children construct knowledge: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget’s genetic epistemology linked psychological processes with the evolution of human thought. He founded research centers and influenced educational practices worldwide. His publications, including 'The Language and Thought of the Child,' remain foundational in psychology and education. Piaget’s ideas continue to inform our understanding of learning and intellectual growth.