August 23

William Ernest Henley (1849–1903) was an influential English poet, critic, and editor. As a young man, he endured tuberculosis of the bone, which led him to lose one foot, and this struggle inspired his writing. His most famous poem, 'Invictus', has endured as a powerful statement of resilience. Henley also edited leading literary magazines of his time, supporting writers like Robert Louis Stevenson. His vigorous verse and forthright criticism left a lasting mark on Victorian literature. Through works such as 'A Book of Verses', he championed the spirit of defiance and strength.

Edgar Lee Masters (1868–1950) was an American lawyer, poet, and novelist whose work captured small-town life in the early 20th century. He gained fame with 'Spoon River Anthology' (1915), a collection of free-form poems narrated by residents of a fictional Midwestern town. Masters' candid portrayals explored social hypocrisy, personal regrets, and the complex inner lives of ordinary people. In addition to poetry, he wrote novels, plays, and biographies of figures like Abraham Lincoln and Walt Whitman. His blend of realism and regionalism influenced later generations of American writers. Masters' legacy endures through his innovative verse form and keen social observations.

Born in 1880 in Vyatka Governorate, Alexander Grin served in the Russian Navy before turning to writing. He adopted the pen name "Grin" and became famous for his romantic and fantasy-rich adventure novels. His most celebrated work, "Scarlet Sails," became a classic of Russian literature for its poetic optimism. Grin's stories often feature dreamy protagonists in seafaring settings pursuing lofty ideals. Despite censorship and hardship, he continued to publish tales that inspired hope and imagination. He died in 1932, leaving a legacy of enchanting narratives that remain beloved in Russia.

Born in 1884 in Nebraska, Will Cuppy became a celebrated American humorist and literary critic. He wrote satirical essays that blended meticulous research with a sharp comedic tone. His acclaimed books include "The Decline and Fall of Practically Everybody" and "How to Attract the Wombat." Cuppy's humor focused on historical figures and natural history, delighting readers with quirky insights. He contributed articles to magazines such as Collier's Weekly and The New Yorker. Cuppy died in 1949, leaving behind a unique comedic legacy that influenced American satire.

James Vincent Cunningham was born in Riverside, California, in 1911. He studied English at Stanford University and became celebrated for his concise, formal poetry. Cunningham taught literature at Princeton University and influenced generations of students. His works include "Collected Poems, 1934–1974," noted for its wit and strict meter. A respected translator, he rendered French poetry into English with clarity and elegance. Cunningham also wrote critical essays that shaped postwar American literary discourse. He died in 1985, leaving a legacy of intellectual rigor and poetic craftsmanship.

Nazik Al-Malaika was a seminal Iraqi poet who introduced free verse to Arabic literature. Born in Baghdad, she studied English literature and taught at university level. Her 1947 poem collection "The Lamiya Letter" broke traditional rhyme schemes and inspired new voices. Al-Malaika addressed themes of identity, love, and social justice in her work. She held academic positions in Iraq and Kuwait, influencing generations of writers. Her contributions earned her numerous literary awards and widespread recognition. Al-Malaika's groundbreaking style reshaped modern Arabic poetry.

Ephraim Kishon was a Hungarian-born Israeli writer celebrated for his satire. He wrote popular short stories and novels poking fun at bureaucracy and everyday life. Kishon's film "Sallah Shabati" won international acclaim and an Academy Award nomination. He also directed and wrote screenplays for several successful Israeli films. His works were translated into over 30 languages, earning global readership. Kishon received numerous awards for his contributions to literature and cinema. His sharp wit and keen social observations remain influential in Israeli culture.

Madeleine Riffaud joined the French Resistance at age 19, serving as a paramedic and sniper. She operated under the codename "Rainer" and took part in clandestine operations against German forces. After the liberation of Paris, she interviewed General Charles de Gaulle. Riffaud pursued journalism and poetry, publishing works reflecting on war experiences. Her poetry captures themes of courage, loss, and the human cost of conflict. She held various academic positions and was awarded honors for her wartime service. Riffaud's life story continues to inspire generations committed to freedom and justice.

Gyula Hernádi was a Hungarian writer celebrated for his contributions to film and literature. Born in 1926, he collaborated with director Miklós Jancsó on several landmark films. His screenplays are noted for their poetic imagery and exploration of power dynamics. Hernádi also published novels, short stories, and essays that reflect on Hungarian society. He played a key role in the development of the Hungarian New Wave movement in cinema. His works continue to influence filmmakers and writers in Hungary and beyond.

Dick Bruna was a Dutch artist and writer who created the iconic rabbit character Miffy. Born in 1927, he authored and illustrated over 120 children's books. Bruna's simple lines and bright colors gave Miffy a timeless, universal appeal. His minimalist design influenced generations of illustrators and designers. Bruna also worked as a graphic designer and poster artist throughout his career. Miffy became a global phenomenon, spawning merchandise, television shows, and theme parks. Bruna's legacy endures through his contributions to children's literature and design.

Vladimir Beekman was an Estonian poet, writer, and translator. Born in 1929, he became a leading figure in post-war Estonian literature. Beekman's poetry is noted for its lyricism and exploration of identity. He translated works from Russian, German, and other languages into Estonian. Beekman also held cultural leadership roles, promoting Estonian arts and letters. His legacy remains influential in contemporary Estonian literary circles.

Born in New York City in 1943, Nelson DeMille served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army before embarking on a writing career. His debut novel, The Charm School, established him as a master of espionage thrillers. He gained widespread acclaim with titles such as Plum Island and The Lion’s Game, both showcasing his charismatic protagonist John Corey. DeMille’s works have sold millions of copies worldwide and have been translated into numerous languages. Known for his meticulous research and sharp dialogue, he continues to shape the modern thriller genre.