1172day.year
Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.
On August 27, 1172, Henry the Young King and his wife, Margaret of France, are anointed as junior monarchs in England.
Henry the Young King, eldest son of Henry II of England, and Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII, were ceremonially crowned as junior sovereigns at Winchester Cathedral. Though anointed, Henry held no independent power and remained under his father’s authority. The coronation was arranged to strengthen the Angevin alliance with France and secure the dynasty’s future. Margaret’s position tied England to the Capetian court, boosting diplomatic relations. The young couple’s joint coronation was more symbolic than political, setting a precedent for co-monarchy rituals. Despite the pomp, Henry’s later rebellion against his father and his premature death at thirty weakened the arrangement’s legacy.
1172
Henry the Young King
Margaret of France
1232day.year
Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kamakura shogunate promulgates the Goseibai Shikimoku, the first Japanese legal code governing the samurai class.
Hojo Yasutoki issues the Goseibai Shikimoku in 1232, Japan’s inaugural legal code for the warrior class.
As regent (Shikken) of the Kamakura shogunate, Hojo Yasutoki compiled and promulgated the Goseibai Shikimoku on August 27, 1232. This concise legal code consisted of fifty articles outlining samurai conduct, dispute resolution, and land tenure rules. It aimed to bring order to the warrior class and clarify judicial procedures. Prior to its issuance, regional warriors often settled disputes by force, leading to unrest. The new code standardized penalties for theft, assault, and property disputes, strengthening central authority. Goseibai Shikimoku remained in effect for centuries and influenced subsequent Japanese legal traditions. Its emphasis on loyalty, honor, and pragmatic governance cemented the samurai’s role in medieval Japan.
1232
Shikken
Hojo Yasutoki
Kamakura shogunate
Goseibai Shikimoku
Japanese legal code
samurai
1593day.year
Pierre Barrière failed an attempt to assassinate Henry IV of France.
In 1593, Pierre Barrière makes a failed assassination attempt on King Henry IV of France.
Pierre Barrière, a disaffected French nobleman, sought to kill King Henry IV amid the turbulent Wars of Religion. On August 27, 1593, Barrière ambushed the monarch in Paris, stabbing at his coach with a concealed dagger. Henry IV survived with only minor injuries, thanks to his entourage’s swift response. Arrested on the spot, Barrière was tortured and executed within days. The attempt underscored lingering tensions between Catholics and the recently converted Protestant-turned-Catholic king. Henry used the episode to consolidate support, portraying himself as divinely protected. The failed plot deepened his resolve to pacify religious factions and reinforce royal authority across France.
1593
Pierre Barrière
Henry IV of France
1689day.year
The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar).
In 1689, Russia and Qing China sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk, defining borders and opening trade.
Negotiated at Nerchinsk amid tensions over Siberian frontiers, the 1689 treaty marked the first formal agreement between Russia and the Qing Empire. Russian envoy Sava Vladislavich and Qing officials resolved disputes over the Amur River basin, setting the border along the Argun and Stanovoy ranges. The accord granted Russian merchants access to caravan routes through Beijing, fostering bilateral trade. Unlike many unequal treaties of later centuries, both empires made concessions, reflecting mutual respect. The treaty stabilized the Far East for decades and laid groundwork for future Sino-Russian relations. It also demonstrated the Qing court’s diplomatic acumen in managing frontier challenges.
1689
Treaty of Nerchinsk
Russia
Qing Empire
Julian calendar
1791day.year
French Revolution: Frederick William II of Prussia and Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, issue the Declaration of Pillnitz, declaring the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and Prussia for the French monarchy, agitating the French revolutionaries and contributing to the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition.
In 1791, Prussia and the Holy Roman Empire issued the Declaration of Pillnitz to support the embattled French monarchy and heighten tensions during the French Revolution.
On August 27, 1791, Emperor Leopold II and King Frederick William II signed the Declaration of Pillnitz.
The document threatened military intervention to restore King Louis XVI’s authority.
It expressed shared support from the Habsburgs and Prussia for the French crown.
French revolutionaries saw it as a direct threat to their uprising.
Its publication increased distrust and fanatical fervor among radicals.
The Declaration contributed to the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition in 1792.
1791
French Revolution
Frederick William II of Prussia
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Declaration of Pillnitz
Holy Roman Empire
Prussia
French monarchy
War of the First Coalition
1828day.year
Brazil and Argentina recognize the sovereignty of Uruguay in the Treaty of Montevideo.
In 1828, the Treaty of Montevideo recognized Uruguay’s independence, ending regional conflicts with Brazil and Argentina.
Signed on August 27, 1828, the Treaty of Montevideo established Uruguay as a sovereign nation.
The agreement ended the Cisplatine War between Brazil and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Argentina).
Britain mediated the treaty to maintain balance of power in the region.
Uruguay’s independence satisfied both neighbors and prevented further territorial disputes.
Montevideo became the new nation’s capital and diplomatic center.
The treaty laid the foundation for Uruguay’s democratic traditions and regional stability.
1828
Treaty of Montevideo
1908day.year
The Qing dynasty promulgates the Qinding Xianfa Dagang, the first constitutional document in the history of China, transforming the Qing empire into a constitutional monarchy.
In 1908, the Qing dynasty issued the Qinding Xianfa Dagang, China’s first constitutional document, marking a shift toward a constitutional monarchy.
On August 27, 1908, the Qing court promulgated the Qinding Xianfa Dagang, a foundational constitutional outline intended to modernize imperial governance. Drafted under the influence of reform-minded officials and amid growing domestic unrest, the document promised elections, provincial assemblies, and legal reforms. While retaining the emperor’s ultimate authority, it represented a significant departure from absolute rule and aimed to integrate Western constitutional concepts. However, the late timing of the reform and resistance from conservative factions limited its effectiveness. The constitution’s provisions were never fully implemented before the dynasty’s collapse in 1912. Despite its short-lived impact, the Qinding Xianfa Dagang laid intellectual groundwork for China’s subsequent political developments.
1908
Qing dynasty
Qinding Xianfa Dagang
history of China
constitutional monarchy
1927day.year
Five Canadian women file a petition to the Supreme Court of Canada, asking: "Does the word 'Persons' in Section 24 of the British North America Act, 1867, include female persons?"
In August 1927, five Canadian women known as the Famous Five petitioned the Supreme Court to determine if the term 'Persons' in the British North America Act included women.
The Persons Case was a landmark constitutional challenge in Canada.
In August 1927, five Alberta women, later known as the Famous Five, submitted a petition to the Supreme Court of Canada.
They asked whether the term 'Persons' in Section 24 of the British North America Act applied to women, enabling them to be appointed to the Senate.
The case highlighted gender inequality in Canadian law and sparked a national debate on women's rights.
Although the Supreme Court initially ruled that women were not 'persons' under the Act, the decision was appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
In 1929, the Privy Council reversed the ruling, declaring that women were indeed 'persons' eligible for Senate appointment.
This decision marked a major milestone in the advancement of women's political and legal status in Canada.
1927
Five Canadian women
Supreme Court of Canada
British North America Act, 1867
1928day.year
The Kellogg–Briand Pact outlawing war is signed by fifteen nations. Ultimately sixty-one nations will sign it.
In 1928, fifteen nations signed the Kellogg–Briand Pact, an international treaty renouncing war as an instrument of national policy.
Also known as the Pact of Paris, this agreement was drafted by U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand.
It sought to prevent conflict by declaring war illegal as a tool of diplomacy.
Fifteen signatories initially joined the treaty on signing, and ultimately sixty-one nations became parties.
Although it lacked enforcement mechanisms, the pact represented a landmark in international law and moral opposition to war.
The Kellogg–Briand Pact later influenced the development of the United Nations Charter and the Nuremberg Trials.
Its legacy remains a symbol of early 20th-century idealism toward collective security and peaceful conflict resolution.
1928
Kellogg–Briand Pact
1964day.year
South Vietnamese junta leader Nguyễn Khánh enters into a triumvirate power-sharing arrangement with rival generals Trần Thiện Khiêm and Dương Văn Minh, who had both been involved in plots to unseat Khánh.
In 1964, South Vietnamese leader Nguyễn Khánh agreed to a three-man power-sharing arrangement with rival generals Trần Thiện Khiêm and Dương Văn Minh.
Amid continuing political instability and coup plotting in South Vietnam, General Nguyễn Khánh agreed to share authority with his rivals on August 27, 1964. The triumvirate arrangement included Generals Trần Thiện Khiêm and Dương Văn Minh, both previously implicated in efforts to unseat Khánh. The agreement was intended to unite the military leadership against insurgent forces and secure U.S. support. Despite the compromise, tensions remained high as each general guarded his own faction and influence. This fragile power-sharing deal underscored the deep divisions within the South Vietnamese military during the Vietnam War.
1964
South Vietnamese junta
Nguyễn Khánh
triumvirate
Trần Thiện Khiêm
Dương Văn Minh
1971day.year
An attempted coup d'état fails in the African nation of Chad. The Government of Chad accuses Egypt of playing a role in the attempt and breaks off diplomatic relations.
An attempted coup in Chad failed on August 27, 1971, prompting the Chadian government to sever diplomatic ties with Egypt.
On August 27, 1971, dissident forces in Chad launched an attempted coup but were rapidly defeated by government troops. The Chadian government publicly accused Egypt of involvement and immediately severed diplomatic relations. The incident exposed the fragile political order in post-independence Chad and fueled regional tensions. In its aftermath, the government bolstered its military defenses and sought new international support. The failed coup underscored the volatility of Cold War-era alliances in Africa.
1971
coup d'état
Chad
Government of Chad
Egypt
diplomatic relations
1975day.year
The Governor of Portuguese Timor abandons its capital, Dili, and flees to Atauro Island, leaving control to a rebel group.
The Governor of Portuguese Timor abandoned Dili on August 27, 1975, handing control to a rebel group.
On August 27, 1975, the colonial governor of Portuguese Timor evacuated the administration from Dili and relocated to Atauro Island. In his absence, a local rebel group seized power and began forming its own administration. The departure reflected Portugal’s waning influence following the 1974 Carnation Revolution and raised fears of regional instability. Rival Timorese factions vied for legitimacy amid escalating tensions. This pivotal moment foreshadowed Indonesia’s subsequent invasion and a decades-long struggle for East Timorese independence.
1975
Portuguese Timor
Dili
Atauro Island