475day.year
The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
In 475, General Orestes overthrew Emperor Julius Nepos, forcing him to abandon Ravenna.
In AD 475, Orestes, a powerful Roman general, rose against Emperor Julius Nepos.
He led his troops into Ravenna and compelled the young emperor to flee the city.
This coup marked the erosion of central authority in the Western Roman Empire.
Orestes installed his son, Romulus Augustulus, as a puppet ruler.
The event paved the way for the final fall of the Western Empire in 476.
Historians view this as a key turning point in late antiquity.
475
Roman
Orestes
Roman Emperor
Julius Nepos
capital city
Ravenna
489day.year
Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy.
In 489, Theodoric the Great defeated Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, gaining entry into Italy.
In 489, Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, confronted Odoacer's forces at the River Isonzo.
After fierce combat, Theodoric emerged victorious and secured a path into Italy.
This victory allowed him to besiege and eventually capture Ravenna in 493.
He established his rule as King of the Ostrogoths, ushering in a period of stability.
His reign blended Roman traditions with Gothic customs.
The battle represented the shifting power dynamics in post-Roman Europe.
489
Theodoric
Ostrogoths
Odoacer
Battle of Isonzo
632day.year
Fatimah, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, dies, with her cause of death being a controversial topic among the Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims.
In 632, Fatimah, daughter of Prophet Muhammad, passed away under circumstances disputed by Sunni and Shia Muslims.
Fatimah bint Muhammad, revered by Muslims, died on this day in 632 CE.
She was the youngest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadijah.
Her death and its causes remain a matter of theological debate between Sunni and Shia traditions.
Shia sources often highlight her suffering after her father's death, while Sunni accounts differ.
Fatimah's legacy includes her role as an exemplar of piety and her marriage to Ali ibn Abi Talib.
She is honored by millions as a symbol of devotion and righteousness.
Her burial place is a subject of pilgrimage and scholarly discussion.
632
Fatimah
Muhammad
Sunni
Shia
663day.year
Silla–Tang armies crush the Baekje restoration attempt and force Yamato Japan to withdraw from Korea in the Battle of Baekgang.
In 663, Silla and Tang forces crushed Baekje rebels at the Battle of Baekgang, driving Yamato Japan from Korea.
The Battle of Baekgang, fought in 663 CE, saw combined Silla and Tang Chinese armies confront Baekje restoration forces.
Supported by Yamato Japan, the Baekje loyalists aimed to reclaim their kingdom.
The allied armies achieved a decisive victory, annihilating the Baekje fleet.
This defeat forced Japanese forces to withdraw from the Korean peninsula.
The battle marked the end of Baekje as a political entity and solidified Silla-Tang dominance.
It reshaped the balance of power in East Asia and influenced future Korean-Japanese relations.
663
Silla
Tang
Baekje
Yamato Japan
Battle of Baekgang
1189day.year
Third Crusade: The Crusaders begin the Siege of Acre under Guy of Lusignan.
In 1189, Crusaders under Guy of Lusignan began the protracted Siege of Acre during the Third Crusade.
The Siege of Acre commenced on August 28, 1189, as part of the Third Crusade.
Led by Guy of Lusignan, the Crusader army aimed to retake the strategic port city from Muslim control.
Acre's formidable walls and supply lines made the siege a challenging enterprise.
It attracted European nobles, including Richard the Lionheart and Philip II of France.
After nearly two years, the city fell in 1191, providing a crucial foothold in the Holy Land.
The prolonged siege showcased medieval siegecraft and the interplay of politics and warfare.
It marked a turning point in the Crusaders' campaign in the Levant.
1189
Third Crusade
Siege of Acre
Guy of Lusignan
1521day.year
Ottoman wars in Europe: The Ottoman Turks occupy Belgrade.
In 1521, Ottoman forces under Sultan Suleiman captured Belgrade, expanding their European territories.
On August 28, 1521, the Ottoman Empire seized Belgrade from the Kingdom of Hungary.
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent personally led the campaign, employing heavy artillery.
The fall of Belgrade opened the gateway for further Ottoman advances into Central Europe.
The city's strategic position on the Danube made it a prized military objective.
The capture demonstrated the effectiveness of Ottoman siege tactics.
Belgrade remained under Ottoman rule for the next century and a half.
This victory bolstered Suleiman's reputation as a formidable military leader.
1521
Ottoman wars in Europe
Ottoman Turks
Belgrade
1524day.year
The Kaqchikel Maya rebel against their former Spanish allies during the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.
In 1524, the Kaqchikel Maya rose against their former Spanish allies in the Guatemalan highlands.
During the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the Kaqchikel Maya rebelled on this day in 1524.
Initially allied with Pedro de Alvarado, they resented encomienda abuses and forced labor.
The uprising disrupted Spanish plans and led to brutal reprisals.
It reflected the complex alliances and conflicts of the conquest period.
Despite fierce resistance, the revolt was eventually suppressed.
The rebellion highlighted indigenous agency and the harsh realities of colonial rule.
It remains an important episode in Guatemalan history and Maya resilience.
1524
Kaqchikel
Maya
Spanish conquest of Guatemala
1542day.year
Turkish–Portuguese War: Battle of Wofla: The Portuguese are scattered, their leader Christovão da Gama is captured and later executed.
In 1542, during the Turkish–Portuguese War at Wofla, Portuguese leader Christovão da Gama was captured and executed.
The Battle of Wofla occurred on August 28, 1542, in present-day Ethiopia.
It pitted the forces of the Ottoman-backed Adal Sultanate against a Portuguese expedition.
After initial success, the Portuguese were ambushed and scattered.
Their commander, Christovão da Gama, was captured by Ottoman-allied forces.
He was executed shortly afterward, ending his campaign to support Ethiopian Emperor Gelawdewos.
The defeat weakened Portuguese influence in the Red Sea region.
It underscored the global reach of Ottoman-Portuguese rivalry.
1542
Turkish–Portuguese War
Battle of Wofla
Christovão da Gama
1565day.year
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sights land near St. Augustine, Florida and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.
In 1565, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés landed near present-day St. Augustine, founding the oldest European settlement in the continental US.
On August 28, 1565, Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sighted land near Matanzas Inlet.
He proceeded to establish a settlement named St. Augustine in Florida.
This became the oldest continuously inhabited European-founded city in what is now the continental United States.
The fort of San Agustín served as the administrative and military center.
The colony aimed to secure Spain's claims against French encroachment.
Over the centuries, St. Augustine evolved under Spanish, British, and American rule.
Its rich architecture and history make it a living museum of colonial America.
1565
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
St. Augustine, Florida
continental United States
1609day.year
Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.
In 1609, navigator Henry Hudson charted and named Delaware Bay during his search for the Northwest Passage.
Henry Hudson, in service of the Dutch East India Company, explored the North American coast in 1609.
On August 28, he entered and mapped the bay between present-day New Jersey and Delaware.
He named it 'Zuyd Rivier' (South River) before the current name took hold.
Hudson's voyage aimed to find a northern passage to Asia but yielded valuable geographic data.
His charts facilitated future Dutch colonization, including New Amsterdam.
The bay became a crucial waterway for trade and settlement.
Hudson's legacy endures in the rivers and bay that bear his name.
1609
Henry Hudson
Delaware Bay
1619day.year
Election of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
On 28 August 1619, Ferdinand II was elected Holy Roman Emperor, initiating his long and contentious reign.
The prince-electors convened and chose Ferdinand II as Emperor, succeeding Matthias in a pivotal moment for the Habsburg dynasty. His staunch Catholic convictions and centralizing policies fueled tensions with Protestant states. Ferdinand faced the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War shortly after his accession. His reign shaped the religious and political landscape of Central Europe for decades. The election underscored the fragile balance of power within the Holy Roman Empire.
1619
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
1640day.year
Second Bishop's War: King Charles I's English army loses to a Scottish Covenanter force at the Battle of Newburn.
During the Second Bishop's War in 1640, King Charles I's forces were defeated by Scottish Covenanters at Newburn.
The Battle of Newburn saw an English army under King Charles I clash with experienced Scottish Covenanter troops over church governance. The decisive defeat at the River Tyne river crossing forced English forces to retreat in disarray. This loss exposed the weaknesses of Charles I's military and political strategy. The Scottish victory compelled the King to negotiate, leading to the Treaty of Ripon. The conflict foreshadowed wider tensions that erupted in the English Civil Wars.
1640
Second Bishop's War
Charles I
Scottish Covenanter
Battle of Newburn