September 03

Born the son of Emperor Go-Suzaku, he ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne in 1068. During his reign, he initiated reforms to reduce the influence of the powerful Fujiwara clan. He issued edicts to assert direct imperial control over land administration and tax policies. Emperor Go-Sanjō was the first sovereign in over a century to rule without Fujiwara regency. After abdicating in 1072, he continued to guide court politics until his death in 1073.

Born in the Bolognese region, he joined the Benedictine order and served as organist at San Michele in Bosco. Adriano Banchieri composed a wide range of music, from theatrical madrigal comedies to devotional motets. He was a pioneer in the development of concerted madrigals, blending voices with instrumental accompaniment. Banchieri authored influential treatises on counterpoint and musical theory. His works reflect both his religious devotion and his flair for wit and drama.

Born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, he graduated from Harvard College in 1692. Paul Dudley was Attorney General of the Province of Massachusetts Bay from 1708 to 1719. He later served on the Superior Court of Judicature, presiding over landmark cases. Dudley advocated for law codification and the promotion of legal education in the colonies. His work laid foundations for American common law in New England.

Born into the Radclyffe family, he served as a Jacobite captain during the 1715 uprising. After his exile in France, he maintained his support for the Stuart cause. Elected to Parliament for Petersfield, he never took his seat due to his political exile. In 1746 he returned with Prince Charles Edward Stuart, was captured and tried for treason. Charles Radclyffe was executed in 1746, embodying the loyalty of the Jacobite movement.

Born in Bergamo, he studied under Arcangelo Corelli in Rome, refining his violin technique. Locatelli emerged as one of the Baroque era’s greatest virtuosos. His collection "L’Arte del Violino" introduced unprecedented technical demands for performers. He spent much of his career in Amsterdam, where he taught and published his works. His style bridged Corelli’s elegance and Vivaldi’s energy, influencing generations of violinists.

Born into the renowned Jussieu family, he studied mathematics and natural sciences in Paris. In 1735 he joined an expedition to Spanish America to chart the Orinoco and Amazon rivers. He collected extensive botanical specimens and recorded geographical observations. His mathematical expertise aided in precise mapping of uncharted territories. Upon return, he published his findings and taught at the Jardin du Roi in Paris.

Born in Geneva, he is celebrated as a founder of experimental zoology. Trembley’s meticulous studies of the freshwater polyp, Hydra, revealed its extraordinary regenerative powers. He designed controlled experiments showing that a single fragment could regenerate an entire organism. His findings challenged established views of biology and inspired scientific societies across Europe. He was elected to both the Swedish and French academies for his groundbreaking work.

Born in Ireland, he rose to prominence in the British Army before assuming colonial commands. Carleton served as Governor of Quebec and later as the 21st Governor General of Canada. He negotiated treaties with Indigenous nations and enacted the Quebec Act of 1774. During the American Revolutionary War, he defended Canada and managed loyalist resettlement. In 1786 he was honored as the 1st Baron Dorchester for his contributions to the British Empire.

Born to Alexandre and Joséphine de Beauharnais, he was adopted by Napoleon Bonaparte. He rose to the rank of general, distinguishing himself in multiple Napoleonic campaigns. In 1805 he was appointed Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, overseeing major reforms. He forged dynastic ties through his marriage to Princess Augusta of Bavaria. After Napoleon’s fall, he became Duke of Leuchtenberg and held a prominent court position in Bavaria.

Born in Rhode Island, she founded a girls’ boarding school in Canterbury, Connecticut, in 1831. In 1833 she admitted African American students, becoming a symbol of educational equality. Her actions sparked legal challenges leading to the passage of the controversial "Black Law." Crandall fought in court to overturn discriminatory statutes and uphold civil rights. After her school closed, she continued teaching and advocating for education reform.

Paul Kane was an Irish-Canadian painter celebrated for his vivid portrayals of Indigenous peoples and North American landscapes. Born in Ireland in 1810, he emigrated to Canada where he became fascinated by the cultures of First Nations communities. In the 1840s, Kane embarked on extensive expeditions reaching as far as the American West, gathering sketches and observations. His seminal work, "Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North America," published in 1859, brought his visual ethnographic studies to a wide audience. Kane's paintings blend documentary detail with romanticized views of frontier life. Today, his artworks are treasured both as historical records and for their artistic merit.

John Humphrey Noyes was an American religious leader and social reformer who founded the Oneida Community in 1848. Born in Brattleboro, Vermont, in 1811, he developed the doctrine of Christian perfectionism, believing people could achieve sinless lives. Under Noyes's guidance, the community practiced communal property and 'complex marriage,' challenging conventional norms. He led the society to economic success through ventures like silk production and stocking manufacturing. Facing legal challenges and local hostility, Noyes fled to Canada in 1879, where he continued his religious work until his death. His experiments in communal living influenced later utopian and cooperative movements.